醫學英語學術論文寫作格式參考
有時,爲了避免標題太長而使用縮寫詞。effect of lats(=long-acting thyroid stimula-tor)and lats protectoron htaca(=human thy-roid adeny cyclase activity)長效甲狀腺刺激素和長效甲狀腺刺激素保護物對人體甲狀腺甙酸環化酶活性的作用。考慮文章較長,可在統一的標題下,用不同的副標題分成若干相對獨立的篇章。例如:factors influ-encing one's ability to adopt to chronic illness影響個人對慢性疾病適應能力的因素(1)care保健;(2)technology技術學;(3)family relation-ships家庭關係;(4)developmental level發展水平(研究標準);(5)cultural valuesand beliefs文化價值和信仰。
這部分是對整篇文章的高度概括或濃縮,故要簡單、明瞭。常用的詞彙和句型有:somebody studied(examined investigated,determined,found,reported,interviewed,measured,documented,considered,though evaluated,observed,…)。運用這些動詞,所採用的時態通常是一般過去時和現在完成時。被動語態也屢見不鮮,常見有:this study was taken to ex-amine… ;patients with…were followed up for+時間;it is showed that… ;it is concluded that… ;indicationswere obtained that… ,等。結尾時常用的表達方法有:the results indicate(show,state,suggest,demon-strate,conclude,express…)that… ;these findingshave special importance in showing that… ;the find-ings have general significance in that… ;this possibilityis strengthening by the observation that… ,等等。例:
enzyme linkel immunosorbent assay(elisa)isused to the detection for antibody of anti-thy oglobulinin normal human serum,cord serum,and amniotic results demonstrate that it seemed to be an cer-tain rule that the lower appeared in the amniotic fluid,the highest in cord body is decreasing for anormal level with the grown-up age after isthus concluded that antibody of anti-thyroglobulin wemeasured may play a certain significance in diagnosis ofcretinism by elisa.作者採用elisa對正常人的血清、臍帶血清和羊水中的抗甲狀腺球蛋白抗體進行了測定。其結果有一定規律:抗體在胎生期首先出現,分娩時濃度達高峯,而後隨年齡增長逐漸降至正常水平。故測定該抗體對地方克汀病之診斷有一定意義。
本項除課題意義外,主要涉獵前人研究情況的評述及本研究的目的,後兩者有時分別列出。茲分述如下:
以往研究評論 還有用其它題目的,例如:review of liter-ature(文獻評述),literature cited(文獻引述),prior research(以前的研究),somepast designs(過去的某些設計),back-grou-nd(背景材料),等等。而這些資料引文的重點要放在引述與本文有關的以往研究的結果,否則會喧賓奪主。句式常有 ed(reported,gave,car-ried out experiment on… ;sb found(showed…)that… .還有若干不同的其它表達方法,寫在下邊:our exper-iments show that… ;the present study was undertakentoidentify… ,date are presented that suggest… ,ourresults supported… ;the distribution has reported by… ;our laboratory has undertaken a reexamination of… ;this article(paper)documents… ;we trace(evi-dence)…this model extends… ;our findings demon-strate… ;we reasoned that… ;the effect…were evalu-ated by means of… ;the present results add some fur-ther elements to… .a recent study analyzed he effect of aspirin(asa)on primaryhemostasis in uremia,measuring bleedingtime(bt) was found that the same dose of asa pro-longed bt more in uremic that in control subjects,sug-gesting platelets were more susceptible to the inhibitory-of might be due to different asa pharma-cokinetics and bioavailability that might be influenced bythe uremic condition.新近一項研究分析了乙酰水揚酸對尿毒症第一期出血的影響,測定了出血的時間。我們發現,同樣劑量的asa均可延長出血時間,而尿毒症受驗者比對照受驗者要多。這提示尿毒症的血小板對asa的抑制更具敏感性。這可能是由於asa的藥物動力學和生物可用性不同所致。