雙語演講稿4篇

honorable judges, fellow students:

“if you love a flower that lives on a star, it is sweet to look at the sky at night. all the stars are abloom with flowers.”——these are the sentences from “the little prince”. well, i just have a person who is as important for me as the proud rose is for the little prince. we grew up together and we almost know everything about each other. she’s not my sister but much more than that. i used to be bad-tempered and cursed everyone in the world including myself, but she was the only one who was different. she told me the meaning of patience, modesty and even love. and i felt like reborn. that was the first time that i came to get the value of my life.

as the words goes, “if someone loves a flower, of which just one single blossom grows in all the millions and millions of stars, it is enough to make him happy just to look at the stars.” it goes all the same. i was lucky enough to come across someone and, fortunately, i loved this person, then i got the ability to love anyone in this world. and love, is what make the world livable.

thank you so much!

尊敬的評委和各位同學：

“如果你愛上了某個星球上的一朵花兒，那麼，只要在夜晚仰望星空，就會覺得滿天繁星如同一朵朵盛開的花兒。”——這些話都摘自《小王子》。其實，我也有一個就像那朵驕傲的玫瑰對小王子一樣重要的人。我們在一起長大，我們幾乎瞭解彼此的一切。儘管我們不是姐妹卻勝似姐妹。我小時候脾氣很差，討厭世上所有的人包括我自己，但只有她不同。她教給了我耐心、謙虛，甚至是愛的意義。我就好像重生了一樣，那也是我第一次感到自己生命的價值。

正如書中寫道：“如果一個人愛上了一朵花，這朵花獨一無二的盛開在千百萬顆星星之中，仰望繁星就會令他快樂無比。”我很幸運能夠遇到某人並且更幸運地愛上了她，並因此能夠愛上世界上的所有人。正因有愛，這世界纔是適合人類居住的。

謝謝大家!

以下是楊瀾在ted大會上的一篇題爲the generation that's remaking china(重塑中國的一代)的演講稿中英原文。她在演講中分享了自己的人生經歷，並講述了當下中國的一些火熱現象，演講雖然不長，但是很多觀點都很精闢，值得一看。

英文演講稿：

the night before i was heading for scotland, i was invited to host the final of “china’s got talent” show in shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium. guess who was the performing guest? susan boyle. and i told her, “i’m going to scotland the next day.” she sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in chinese. [chinese] soit’s not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary stuff. it means “greenonion for free.” why did she say that? because it was a line from our chinese parallel susan boyle — a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor inshanghai, who loves singing western opera, but she didn’t understand anyenglish or french or italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in chinese. (laughter) and the last sentence of nessun dormathat she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free.” so [as] susanboyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. that was hilarious.

so i guess both susan boyle and this vegetable vendor in shanghai belonged to otherness. they were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought themthrough. and a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their , being different is not that difficult. we are all different from different perspectives. but i think being different is good, because you present a different point of view. you may have the chance to make a difference.

my generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of china that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years. i remember that in the year of 1990, when i was graduating from college, i was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in beijing, great wall sheraton — it’s still there. so after being interrogated by this japanese manager for a half an hour,he finally said, “so, miss yang, do you have any questions to ask me?” i summoned my courage and poise and said, “yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?” i didn’t have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. that was the first day i set my foot in a five-star hotel.

around the same time, i was going through an audition —the first ever open audition by national television in china — with another thousand college girls. the producer told us they were looking for some sweet,innocent and beautiful fresh face. so when it was my turn, i stood up and said,“why [do] women’s personalities on television always have to be beautiful,sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? why can’t they have their own ideas and their own voice?” i thought i kind of offended them. but actually, they were impressed by my words. and so i was in the second round of competition,and then the third and the fourth. after seven rounds of competition, i was the last one to survive it. so i was on a national television prime-time show. and believe it or not, that was the first show on chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.(applause) and my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.

well after a few years, i decided to go to the u.s. and columbia university to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my ownmedia company, which was unthought of during the years that i started mycareer. so we do a lot of things. i’ve interviewed more than a thousand peoplein the past. and sometimes i have young people approaching me say, “lan, you changed my life,” and i feel proud of that. but then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country. i was in beijing’s bidding for the olympic games. i was representing the shanghai expo. i saw china embracing the world and vice versa. but then sometimes i’m thinking, what are today’s young generation up to? how are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of china, or at large,the world?

so today i want to talk about young people through the platform of social media. first of all, who are they? [what] do they look like?well this is a girl called guo meimei — 20 years old, beautiful. she showed offher expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the chinese version of twitter. and she claimed to be the general manager of red cross at the chamber of commerce. she didn’t realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of red cross. the controversy was so heated that the red cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.

so far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title — probably because she feels proud to be associated with those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of red cross at chamber of commerce. it’s very complicated to explain. but anyway, the public still doesn’t buy it. it is still boiling. it shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past. and also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.

microblog boomed in the year of XX, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled. , a major news portal, alone hasmore than 140 million microbloggers. on tencent, 200 million. the most popular blogger — it’s not me — it’s a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans. about 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people,under 30 years old. and because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let thesteam out a little bit. but because you don’t have many other openings, theheat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.

so through microblogging, we are able to understand chinese youth even better. so how are they different? first of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy. and because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women. that could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows; we’re in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries. most of them have fairly good illiteracy rate in china among this generation is under one percent. incities, 80 percent of kids go to college. but they are facing an aging china with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030. and you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they’re sick. so it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.

so making a living is not that easy for young ege graduates are not in short supply. in urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 u.s. dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500. so what do they do? they have to share space — squeezed invery limited space to save money — and they call themselves “tribe of ants.”and for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their firstapartment. that ratio in america would only cost a couple five years to earn,but in china it’s 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.

among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. they find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. most of them don’t want to go back to the countryside, but they don’t have the sense of belonging. they work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare. and they’re more vulnerable to joblosses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from europe or america for the products theyproduce. last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern oemmanufacturing compound in china: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. but they died because of all different personal reasons. but this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, ofthese migrant workers.

for those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the internet,they’re able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create newbusiness in the less developed market. so for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.

these diagrams show a more general social background. the first one is the engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of dailynecessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms offamily income, to about 37-some percent. but then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. the gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. now it’s 0.5 — even worse than that in america — showing us the income inequality. and so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. and also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful isquite widespread. so any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.

so through some of the hottest topics on microblogging,we can see what young people care most about. social justice and governmentaccountability runs the first in what they demand. for the past decade or so, amassive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports onthe forced demolition of private property. and it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. so when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the internet, people cry for thegovernment to take actions to stop this.

so the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passedthe right to order forced demolition from local governments to the larly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the internet. we heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. and guesswhat, we have faked beef. they have sorts of ingredients that you brush on apiece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. and then lately,people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop. so all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the internet. and fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.

while young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they’re a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. china is soon to pass the u.s. as the number one market for luxury brands — that’s not including the chinese expenditures in europe and elsewhere. but you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 u.s. dollars. they’re not rich atall. they’re taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. and this is a girl explicitly saying on a tv dating show that she would rather cry in a bmw than smile on a bicycle. but of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a bmw or [on] a bicycle.

so in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called “naked” wedding, or “naked” marriage. it does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. and also, people are doing good through social media. and the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted andstopped on the highway with the whole country watching through le were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. and after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. and here also people are helping to find missing children. a father posted his son’s picture onto the internet. after thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.

so happiness is the most popular word we have heardthrough the past two years. happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it’s about the environment. people are thinking about the following questions: are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher gdp? how are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? and also, how capable is the system ofself-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction goingon at the same time? i guess these are the questions people are going to answer. and our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.

thank you very much.

譯文：

來蘇格蘭(做ted講演)的前夜，我被邀請去上海做”中國達人秀“決賽的評委。在裝有八萬現場觀衆的演播廳裏，在臺上的表演嘉賓居然是(來自蘇格蘭的，因參加英國達人秀走紅的)蘇珊大媽(susan boyle)。我告訴她，“我明天就要啓程去蘇格蘭。” 她唱得很動聽，還對觀衆說了幾句中文，她並沒有說簡單的”你好“或者”謝謝“，她說的是——“送你蔥”。爲什麼?這句話其實來源於中國版的“蘇珊大媽”——一位五十歲的以賣菜爲生，卻對西方歌劇有出奇愛好的上海中年婦女(蔡洪平)。這位中國的蘇珊大媽並不懂英文，法語或意大利文，所以她將歌劇中的詞彙都換做中文中的蔬菜名，並且演唱出來。在她口中，歌劇《圖蘭朵》的最後一句便是“song ni cong”。當真正的英國蘇珊大媽唱出這一句“中文的”《圖蘭朵》時，全場的八萬觀衆也一起高聲歌唱，場面的確有些滑稽。

我想susan boyle和這位上海的買菜農婦的確屬於人羣中的少數。她們是最不可能在演藝界成功的，而她們的勇氣和才華讓她們成功了，這個節目和舞臺給予了她們一個實現個人夢想的機會。這樣看來，與衆不同好像沒有那麼難。從不同的方面審視，我們每個人都是不同的。但是我想，與衆不同是一件好事，因爲你代表了不一樣的觀點，你擁有了做改變的機會。

我這一代中國人很幸運的目睹並且參與了中國在過去二三十年中經歷的鉅變。我記得1990年，當我剛大學畢業時，我申請了當時北京的第一家五星級酒店——長城喜來登酒店的銷售部門的工作。這家酒店現在仍在北京。當我被一位日本籍經理面試了一個半小時之後，他問到，“楊小姐，你有什麼想問我的嗎?”，我屏住呼吸，問道“是的，你能告訴我，具體我需要銷售些什麼嗎?” 當時的我，對五星級酒店的銷售部門沒有任何概念，事實上，那是我第一次進到一家五星級酒店。

我當時也在參加另一場“面試”，中國國家電視臺的首次公開試鏡，與我一起參與選拔的還有另外1000名大學女畢業生。節目製作人說，他們希望找到一位甜美，無辜(lol)，漂亮的新鮮面孔。輪到我的時候，我問道“爲什麼在電視屏幕上，女性總應該表現出甜美漂亮，甚至是服從性的一面?爲什麼她們不能有她們自己的想法和聲音?“我覺得我的問題甚至有點冒犯到了他。但實際上，他們對我的表現印象深刻。我進入了第二輪選拔，第三輪，第四輪，直至最後的第七場選拔，我是唯一一個走到最後的試鏡者。我從此走上了國家電視臺黃金時段的熒幕。你可能不相信，但在當時，我所主持的電視節目是中國第一個，不讓主持人念已經審覈過的稿件的節目(掌聲)。我每週需要面對兩億到三億左右的電視觀衆。

幾年以後，我決定來美國哥倫比亞大學繼續深造，之後也開始運營自己的媒體公司，這也是我在職業生涯初始時所沒有預料到的。我的公司做很多不同的業務，在過去這些年裏，我訪談過一千多人。經常有年輕人對我說，“楊瀾，你改變了我的人生”，我對此感到非常自豪。我也幸運的目睹了整個國家的轉變：我參與了北京申奧和上海世博會。我看到中國在擁抱這個世界，而世界也進一步的接受中國。但有時我也在想，今天的年輕人的生活是什麼樣的?他們(與我們相比)有什麼不同?他們將帶給中國，甚至整個世界的未來一些怎樣的變化?

我想通過社交媒體來談一談中國的年輕人們。首先，他們是誰，他們是什麼樣子?這是一位叫郭美美的女孩兒，20歲，年輕漂亮。她在中國版的twitter上——新浪微博上，炫耀她所擁有的奢侈品，衣服，包和車。她甚至宣稱她是中國紅十會的工作人員。她沒有意識到她的行爲觸及了中國民衆極爲敏感的神經，這引發了一場全民大討論，民衆開始質疑紅十會的公信力。中國紅十會爲了平息這場爭議甚至舉辦了一場記者會來澄清，直至今日，對於”郭美美事件“的調查仍在繼續。

時至今日，我們所知道的事實是，她謊報了她的頭銜，可能是因爲她的虛榮心，希望把自己和慈善機構聯繫起來。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友給她買的，而那位”男朋友 “的確曾經是紅十會的工作人員。這解釋起來很複雜，總之，公衆對他們的解釋仍然不滿意，這仍然是在風口浪尖的一件事。這件事體現出(中國社會)對長期不透明的政府機關的不信任，同時也表現出社交媒體(微博)巨大的社會影響力。

微博在XX年得到了爆炸性的增長，微博的訪問用戶增長了一倍，用戶的訪問時間是XX年的三倍。新浪()，一個最主要的微博平臺，擁有 1.4億的微博用戶，而騰訊擁有兩億用戶。(在中國)最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位電影明星，她擁有近九百五十萬”粉絲“。接近80%的微博用戶是年輕人，三十歲以下。因爲傳統媒體還在政府的強力控制之下，社交媒體提供了一個開放的平臺進行了一些(民衆觀點的)分流。因爲這樣分流的渠道並不多，從這個平臺上爆發出的能量往往非常強烈，有時候甚至過於強烈。

通過微博，我們可以更好的瞭解到中國的年輕一代。首先，他們中的大多數都出生在八零九零年代，在獨生子女的生育政策的大背景下長大。因爲偏好男孩的家庭會選擇性的墮胎，現在(中國)的年輕男性的數量多過年輕女性三千萬，這可能帶來社會的不穩定(危險)，但是我們知道，在這個全球化的社會中，他們可能可以去其他國家找女朋友。大多數人都擁有良好的教育。這一代中國人中的文盲率已經低於1%。在城市中，80%的孩子可以上大學，但他們將要面對的是一個，有接近7%的人口都是老年人的社會，這個數在2030年會增長到15%。在這個國家，傳統是讓年輕人來從經濟上和醫療上來支持老年人，這意味着，一對年輕的夫妻將需要支持四個平均年齡是73歲的老人。

所以對於年輕人而言，生活並不是容易。本科畢業生也不在是緊缺資源。在城市中，本科生的月起薪通常是400美元(2500人民幣)，而公寓的平均月租金卻是500美元。所以他們的解決方式是合租——擠在有限的空間中以節省開支，他們叫自己”蟻族。“ 對於那些準備好結婚並希望購買一套公寓的中國年輕夫婦而言，他們發現他們必須要不間斷的工作30到40年纔可以負擔得起一套公寓。對於同樣的美國年輕夫婦而言，他們只需要五年時間。

在近兩億的涌入城市的農民工中，他們中的60%都是年輕人。他們發現自己被夾在了城市和農村中，大多數人不願意回到農村，但他們在城市也找不到歸屬感。他們工作更長的時間卻獲得更少的薪水和社會福利。他們也更容易面臨失業，受到通貨膨脹，銀行利率，人民幣升值的影響，甚至美國和歐盟對於中國製造產品的抵制也會影響到他們。去年，在中國南方的一個製造工廠裏，有十三位年輕的工人選擇了結束自己的生命，一個接一個，像一場傳染病。他們輕生的原因各有不同，但整個事件提醒了中國社會和政府，需要更多的關注這些在精神上和生理上都與外界脫節的年輕農民工人。

對於那些回到農村的年輕人，他們所經歷的城市生活，所學到的知識，技巧和建立的社會網絡，讓他們通常更受歡迎。特別是在互聯網的幫助下，他們更有可能獲得工作，提升農村的農業水平和發展新的商業機會。在過去的一些年中，一些沿海的城鎮甚至出現了勞動力短缺。

這些圖片展現出整體的社會背景。第一張圖片是恩格斯係數(食品支出佔總消費支出的比例)，可以看到在過去的十年中，食物和生活必需品在家庭消費中的比例有所下降(37%)，然後在過去的兩年中，這項指數上升到39%，說明近兩年中生活成本的攀升。基尼係數早已越過了危險的0.4，到達0.5——這甚至高過了美國——體現出極大的貧富差距，所以我們纔看到整個社會的失衡。同時，“仇富心態”也開始在整個社會蔓延，任何與腐敗和走後門相關的政府或商業醜聞都會引發社會危機和不穩定。

通過微博上很火的話題，我們可以看到年輕人的關注點。社會公正和政府的公信力是他們首要需求的。在過去的十年中，急速的城市化讓民衆讀到太多強制私人住戶拆遷的新聞，這引發了年輕一代的憤怒和不理解。有時候，被拆遷的住戶以自殺和自焚的方式來抗議(強制拆遷行爲)。當這些事件越來越常在互聯網上被揭露出來，人們期待政府可以採取一些更積極的制止行動。

好消息是，今年早些時候，人民代表大會通過了一項關於房屋徵用和拆遷的新法規，將徵用和拆遷的權利從當地政府移交到了法庭。相同的，很多其他與公共安全相關的問題也在互聯網上被熱烈討論。我們聽到有太多空氣污染，水污染，有毒食品的報道。你甚至都想不到，我們還有假牛肉。人們用一種特殊的材料加入雞肉和魚肉中，然後以牛肉的價格進行出售。最近，人們對食用油也很擔憂，大量的餐館被發現在使用“地溝油“。所有這些事件引發了互聯網上民衆觀點的大爆發。幸運的是，我們看到了政府正在更積極和更及時的對這些民衆的質疑給予迴應。

一方面，年輕人越來越積極的參與到公共事務中;另一方面，他們也在尋找或者說迷失與個人生活的價值和定位。中國很快就要超過美國，成爲世界上第一大奢侈品消費國——這還不包括中國人在國外的消費。但你知道嗎，超過半數中國的奢侈品消費者的(年)收入都低於兩千美元。他們其實並不富裕，他們用那些奢侈品牌的服裝和包體現身份和社會地位。這是一位在電視節目上公然表明，自己寧願在寶馬車裏哭也不坐在自行車後笑的年輕女孩。當然，我們也有更多的年輕人，喜歡微笑，不管是在寶馬還是在自行車上。

在下一幅圖中，你看到的是現在非常流行的”裸婚“，這並不代表這“裸露出席婚禮”，這體現的是年輕人願意接受結婚不買房，不買車，不買鑽戒，甚至不辦婚宴的這個現實，作爲對純樸的真愛的致敬。但同時，人們也在通過社交媒體做一些善事。這副圖片裏，這輛車上裝有500只被”綁架“來，準備被送去屠宰的狗，這輛車被網友們發現後，人們開始通過微博關注事態的進展，並且通過捐錢，捐食物和做義工來試圖攔截該車。在幾個小時的周旋後，這500條狗獲救並被放生。有更多的人在通過微博尋找丟失的孩子。一位父親將他失散的兒子的照片發佈到微博上，在幾千條”轉發“之後，他的兒子被找到，家庭的團聚也在微博上被報道出來。

“幸福(感)”是近兩年中國的流行詞彙。幸福感不僅僅與個人體驗和價值觀相關，更多的，它與環境息息相關。人們在思考：我們是否要犧牲環境來提升gdp?我們要怎樣進行社會和政治體制的改革來應對經濟的發展，保持穩定性和可持續性發展?同時，這個系統的自我修正能力是否足夠強大，是否能夠讓生活在其中的人民接受在前進過程中的各種壓力和困難?我想這些都是中國人民需要回答的問題，而中國的年輕一代將在改變這個國家的過程中也改變自己。

非常感謝。

thank you. (applause.) thank you so much. thank you. (applause.) please, thank you very much.

to president park, faculty, staff and students, thank you so much for this very warm welcome. it is a great honor to be here at hankuk university of foreign studies. (applause.) i want to thank dr. park for, a few moments ago, making me an honorary alumni of the university. (applause.)

i know that this school has one of the world’s finest foreign language programs -- which means that your english is much better than my korean. (laughter.) all i can say is, kamsa hamnida. (applause.)

now, this is my third visit to the republic of korea as president. i've now been to seoul more times than any other capital -- except for washington, d.c., of course. this reflects the extraordinary bonds between our two countries and our commitment to each other. i’m pleased that we’re joined by so many leaders here today, koreans and americans, who help keep us free and strong and prosperous every day. that includes our first korean-american ambassador to the republic of korea -- ambassador sung kim. (applause.)

i’ve seen the deep connections between our peoples in my own life -- among friends, colleagues. i’ve seen it so many patriotic korean americans, including a man born in this city of seoul, who came to america and has dedicated his life to lifting up the poor and sick of the world. and last week i was proud to nominate him to lead the world bank -- dr. jim yong kim. (applause.)

i’ve also seen the bonds in our men and women in uniform, like the american and korean troops i visited yesterday along the dmz -- freedom’s frontier. and we salute their service and are very grateful for them. we honor all those who have given their lives in our defense, including the 46 brave souls who perished aboard the cheonan two years ago today. and in their memory we reaffirm the enduring promise at the core of our alliance -- we stand together, and the commitment of the united states to the defense and the security of the republic of korea will never waver. (applause.)

most of all, i see the strength of our alliance in all of you. for decades, this school has produced leaders -- public servants, diplomats, businesspeople -- who’ve helped propel the modern miracle that is korea-- transforming it from crushing poverty to one of the world’s most dynamic economies; from authoritarianism to a thriving democracy; from a country focused inward to a leader for security and prosperity not only in this region but also around the world -- a truly “global korea.”

so to all the students here today, this is the korea your generation will inherit. and i believe there's no limits to what our two nations can achieve together. for like your parents and grandparents before you, you know that the future is what we make of it. and you know that in our digital age, we can connect and innovate across borders like never before -- with your smart phones and twitter and me2day and kakao talk. (laughter and applause.) it’s no wonder so many people around the world have caught the korean wave, hallyu. (applause.)

or consider this: in advance of my visit, our embassy invited koreans to send us your questions using social media. some of you may have sent questions. and they called it, "ask president obama." now, one of you -- maybe it was you, maybe it was somebody else -- this is true -- asked this question: “have you posted, yourself, a supportive opinion on a website under a disguised name, pretending you are one of the supporters of president obama?” (laughter.) i hadn’t thought of this. (laughter.) but the truth is i have not done this. maybe my daughters have. (laughter.) but i haven’t done that myself.

so our shared future -- and the unprecedented opportunity to meet shared challenges together -- is what brings me to seoul. over the next two days, under president lee’s leadership, we’ll move ahead with the urgent work of preventing nuclear terrorism by securing the world’s nuclear materials. this is an important part of the broader, comprehensive agenda that i want to talk with you about today -- our vision of a world without nuclear weapons.

three years ago, i traveled to prague and i declared america’s commitment to stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and to seeking a world without them. i said i knew that this goal would not be reached quickly, perhaps not in my lifetime, but i knew we had to begin, with concrete steps. and in your generation, i see the spirit we need in this endeavor -- an optimism that beats in the hearts of so many young people around the world. it’s that refusal to accept the world as it is, the imagination to see the world as it ought to be, and the courage to turn that vision into reality. so today, with you, i want to take stock of our journey and chart our next steps.

here in seoul, more than 50 nations will mark our progress toward the goal we set at the summit i hosted two years ago in washington -- securing the world’s vulnerable nuclear materials in four years so that they never fall into the hands of terrorists. and since then, nations -- including the united states -- have boosted security at nuclear facilities.

south korea, japan, pakistan and others are building new centers to improve nuclear security and training. nations like kazakhstan have moved nuclear materials to more secure locations. mexico, and just yesterday ukraine, have joined the ranks of nations that have removed all the highly enriched uranium from their territory. all told, thousands of pounds of nuclear material have been removed from vulnerable sites around the world. this was deadly material that is now secure and can now never be used against a city like seoul.

we’re also using every tool at our disposal to break up black markets and nuclear material. countries like georgia and moldova have seized highly enriched uranium from smugglers. and countries like jordan are building their own counter-smuggling teams, and we’re tying them together in a global network of intelligence and law enforcement. nearly 20 nations have now ratified the treaties and international partnerships that are at the center of our efforts. and i should add that with the death of osama bin laden and the major blows that we’ve struck against al qaeda, a terrorist organization that has actively sought nuclear weapons is now on the path to defeat.

so in short, the international community has made it harder than ever for terrorists to acquire nuclear weapons, and that has made us all safer. we’re building an international architecture that can ensure nuclear safety. but we’re under no illusions. we know that nuclear material, enough for many weapons, is still being stored without adequate protection. and we know that terrorists and criminal gangs are still trying to get their hands on it -- as well as radioactive material for a dirty bomb. we know that just the smallest amount of plutonium -- about the size of an apple -- could kill hundreds of thousands and spark a global crisis. the danger of nuclear terrorism remains one of the greatest threats to global security.

and that's why here in seoul, we need to keep at it. and i believe we will. we’re expecting dozens of nations to announce over the next several days that they’ve fulfilled the promises they made two years ago. and we’re now expecting more commitments -- tangible, concrete action -- to secure nuclear materials and, in some cases, remove them completely. this is the serious, sustained global effort that we need, and it's an example of more nations bearing the responsibility and the costs of meeting global challenges. this is how the international community should work in the 21st century. and korea is one of the key leaders in this process.

the united states will continue to do our part -- securing our own material and helping others protect theirs. we’re moving forward with russia to eliminate enough plutonium for about 17,000 nuclear weapons and turn it instead into electricity. i can announce today a new agreement by the united states and several european partners toward sustaining the supply of medical isotopes that are used to treat cancer and heart disease without the use of highly enriched uranium. and we will work with industry and hospitals and research centers in the united states and around the world, to recover thousands of unneeded radiological materials so that they can never do us harm.

now, american leadership has been essential to progress in a second area -- taking concrete steps towards a world without nuclear weapons. as a party to the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, this is our obligation, and it’s one that i take very seriously. but i believe the united states has a unique responsibility to act -- indeed, we have a moral obligation. i say this as president of the only nation ever to use nuclear weapons. i say it as a commander-in-chief who knows that our nuclear codes are never far from my side. most of all, i say it as a father, who wants my two young daughters to grow up in a world where everything they know and love can’t be instantly wiped out.

over the past three years, we’ve made important progress. with russia, we’re now reducing our arsenal under the new start treaty -- the most comprehensive arms control agreement in nearly 20 years. and when we’re done, we will have cut american and russian deployed nuclear warheads to their lowest levels since the 1950s.

as president, i changed our nuclear posture to reduce the number and role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy. i made it clear that the united states will not develop new nuclear warheads. and we will not pursue new military missions for nuclear weapons. we’ve narrowed the range of contingencies under which we would ever use or threaten to use nuclear weapons. at the same time, i’ve made it clear that so long as nuclear weapons exist, we’ll work with our congress to maintain a safe, secure and effective arsenal that guarantees the defense not only of the united states but also our allies -- including south korea and japan.

my administration’s nuclear posture recognizes that the massive nuclear arsenal we inherited from the cold war is poorly suited to today’s threats, including nuclear terrorism. so last summer, i directed my national security team to conduct a comprehensive study of our nuclear forces. that study is still underway. but even as we have more work to do, we can already say with confidence that we have more nuclear weapons than we need. even after new start, the united states will still have more than 1,500 deployed nuclear weapons, and some 5,000 warheads.

i firmly believe that we can ensure the security of the united states and our allies, maintain a strong deterrent against any threat, and still pursue further reductions in our nuclear arsenal.

going forward, we’ll continue to seek discussions with russia on a step we have never taken before -- reducing not only our strategic nuclear warheads, but also tactical weapons and warheads in reserve. i look forward to discussing this agenda with president putin when we will meet in may. missile defense will be on the agenda, but i believe this should be an area of cooperation, not tension. and i’m confident that, working together, we can continue to make progress and reduce our nuclear stockpiles. of course, we’ll consult closely with our allies every step of the way, because the security and defense of our allies, both in europe and asia, is not negotiable.

here in asia, we've urged china -- with its growing nuclear arsenal -- to join us in a dialogue on nuclear issues. that offer remains open. and more broadly, my administration will continue to pursue ratification of the comprehensive test ban treaty. and after years of delay, it’s time to find a path forward on a new treaty that verifiably ends the production of fissile materials for nuclear weapons -- ends it once and for all.

by working to meet our responsibilities as a nuclear power, we’ve made progress in a third area -- strengthening the global regime that prevents the spread of nuclear weapons. when i came into office, the cornerstone of the world’s effort -- which is the nuclear non-proliferation treaty -- was fraying. iran had started spinning thousands of centrifuges. north korea conducted another nuclear test. and the international community was largely divided on how to respond.

over the past three years, we have begun to reverse that dynamic. working with others, we’ve enhanced the global partnership that prevent proliferation. the international atomic energy agency is now conducting the strongest inspections ever. and we’ve upheld the basic bargain of the npt: countries with nuclear weapons, like the united states and russia, will move towards disarmament; countries without nuclear weapons will not acquire them; and all countries can have access to peaceful nuclear energy.

because of these efforts, the international community is more united and nations that attempt to flout their obligations are more isolated. of course, that includes north korea.

here in korea, i want to speak directly to the leaders in pyongyang. the united states has no hostile intent toward your country. we are committed to peace. and we are prepared to take steps to improve relations, which is why we have offered nutritional aid to north korean mothers and children.

but by now it should be clear, your provocations and pursuit of nuclear weapons have not achieved the security you seek; they have undermined it. instead of the dignity you desire, you're more isolated. instead of earning the respect of the world, you've been met with strong sanctions and condemnation. you can continue down the road you are on, but we know where that leads. it leads to more of the same -- more broken dreams, more isolation, ever more distance between the people of north korea and the dignity and the opportunity that they deserve.

and know this: there will be no rewards for provocations. those days are over. to the leaders of pyongyang i say, this is the choice before you. this is the decision that you must make. today we say, pyongyang, have the courage to pursue peace and give a better life to the people of north korea. (applause.)

this same principle applies with respect to iran. under the npt, iran has the right to peaceful nuclear energy. in fact, time and again the international community -- including the united states -- has offered to help iran develop nuclear energy peacefully. but time and again iran has refused, instead taking the path of denial, deceit and deception. and that is why iran also stands alone, as the only member of the npt unable to convince the international community that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes -- the only member. that’s why the world has imposed unprecedented sanctions, slowing iran’s nuclear program.

the international community is now poised to enter talks with iran’s leaders. once again, there is the possibility of a diplomatic resolution that gives iran access to peaceful nuclear energy while addressing the concerns of the international community. today, i’ll meet with the leaders of russia and china as we work to achieve a resolution in which iran fulfills its obligations.

there is time to solve this diplomatically. it is always my preference to solve these issues diplomatically. but time is short. iran’s leaders must understand they, too, face a choice. iran must act with the seriousness and sense of urgency that this moment demands. iran must meet its obligations.

for the global response to iran and north korea’s intransigence, a new international norm is emerging: treaties are binding; rules will be enforced; and violations will have consequences. we refuse to consign ourselves to a future where more and more regimes possess the world’s most deadly weapons.

and this brings me to the final area where we’ve made progress -- a renewed commitment to harnessing the power of the atom not for war, but for peaceful purposes. after the tragedy at fukushima, it was right and appropriate that nations moved to improve the safety and security of nuclear facilities. we’re doing so in the united states. it’s taking place all across the world.

as we do, let’s never forget the astonishing benefits that nuclear technology has brought to our lives. nuclear technology helps make our food safe. it prevents disease in the developing world. it’s the high-tech medicine that treats cancer and finds new cures. and, of course, it’s the energy -- the clean energy that helps cut the carbon pollution that contributes to climate change. here in south korea, as you know, as a leader in nuclear energy, you’ve shown the progress and prosperity that can be achieved when nations embrace peaceful nuclear energy and reject the development of nuclear arms.

and with rising oil prices and a warming climate, nuclear energy will only become more important. that’s why, in the united states, we’ve restarted our nuclear industry as part of a comprehensive strategy to develop every energy source. we supported the first new nuclear power plant in three decades. we’re investing in innovative technologies so we can build the next generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants. and we’re training the next generation of scientists and engineers who are going to unlock new technologies to carry us forward.

one of the great challenges they’ll face and that your generation will face is the fuel cycle itself in producing nuclear energy. we all know the problem: the very process that gives us nuclear energy can also put nations and terrorists within the reach of nuclear weapons. we simply can’t go on accumulating huge amounts of the very material, like separated plutonium, that we’re trying to keep away from terrorists.

and that’s why we’re creating new fuel banks, to help countries realize the energy they seek without increasing the nuclear dangers that we fear. that’s why i’ve called for a new framework for civil nuclear cooperation. we need an international commitment to unlocking the fuel cycle of the future. in the united states we’re investing in the research and development of new fuel cycles so that dangerous materials can’t be stolen or diverted. and today i urge nations to join us in seeking a future where we harness the awesome power of the atom to build and not to destroy.

in this sense, we see how the efforts i’ve described today reinforce each other. when we enhance nuclear security, we’re in a stronger position to harness safe, clean nuclear energy. when we develop new, safer approaches to nuclear energy, we reduce the risk of nuclear terrorism and proliferation. when nations, including my own, fulfill our responsibilities, it strengthens our ability to ensure that other nations fulfill their responsibilities. and step by step, we come closer to the security and peace of a world without nuclear weapons.

i know that there are those who deride our vision. there are those who say ours is an impossible goal that will be forever out of reach. but to anyone who doubts the great progress that is possible, i tell them, come to korea. come to this country, which rose from the ashes of war -- (applause) -- a country that rose from the ashes of war, turning rubble into gleaming cities. stand where i stood yesterday, along a border that is the world’s clearest contrast between a country committed to progress, a country committed to its people, and a country that leaves its own citizens to starve.

come to this great university, where a new generation is taking its place in the world -- (applause) -- helping to create opportunities that your parents and grandparents could only imagine. come and see some of the courageous individuals who join us today -- men and women, young and old, born in the north, but who left all they knew behind and risked their lives to find freedom and opportunity here in the south. in your life stories we see the truth -- koreans are one people. and if just given the chance, if given their freedom, koreans in the north are capable of great progress as well. (applause.)

looking out across the dmz yesterday, but also looking into your eyes today, i’m reminded of another country’s experience that speaks to the change that is possible in our world. after a terrible war, a proud people was divided. across a fortified border, armies massed, ready for war. for decades, it was hard to imagine a different future. but the forces of history and hopes of man could not be denied. and today, the people of germany are whole again -- united and free.

no two places follow the same path, but this much is true: the currents of history cannot be held back forever. the deep longing for freedom and dignity will not go away. (applause.) so, too, on this divided peninsula. the day all koreans yearn for will not come easily or without great sacrifice. but make no mistake, it will come. (applause.) and when it does, change will unfold that once seemed impossible. and checkpoints will open and watchtowers will stand empty, and families long separated will finally be reunited. and the korean people, at long last, will be whole and free.

like our vision of a world without nuclear weapons, our vision of a korea that stands as one may not be reached quickly. but from this day until then, and all the days that follow, we take comfort in knowing that the security we seek, the peace we want, is closer at hand because of the great alliance between the united states and the republic of korea -- (applause) -- and because we stand for the dignity and freedom of all koreans. (applause.) and no matter the test, no matter the trial, we stand together. we work together. we go together. (applause.)

katchi kapshida!

thank you very much. (applause.)

奧巴馬總統：謝謝你們。(掌聲)非常感謝。謝謝。(掌聲)非常感謝。

樸(park)校長、教職員工和同學們，非常感謝你們這麼熱情的歡迎。來到韓國外國語大學(hankuk university of foreign studies)令我深感榮幸。(掌聲)我要感謝樸博士剛纔宣佈我爲貴校的榮譽校友。

我知道貴校擁有世界上最好的外語學習項目之一，這就是說你們的英語比我的韓語要好得多。(笑聲)我只能說kamsa hamnida(韓文，意爲“謝謝”)。(掌聲)

這是我作爲總統對大韓民國的第三次訪問。我到訪首爾的次數超過了訪問任何其他國家首都的次數——當然除了華盛頓以外。這體現了我們兩國之間不同尋常的關係和相互支持。我非常高興，今天有如此衆多的使我們每天享有自由、強大和繁榮的韓美領導人在座，其中包括我國首次由美國韓裔擔任的駐韓大使——金成(sung kim)大使。(掌聲)

我在自己的生活中看到了我們兩國人民之間根深葉茂的聯繫——在朋友和同事中間。我看到，有如此多的愛國的美國韓裔——包括一個出生在首爾市的人—— 到美國後畢生致力於幫助世界上的窮人和病人擺脫困境。上個星期，我榮幸地提名他爲世界銀行(world bank)行長——金辰勇(jim yong kim)博士。(掌聲)

我還看到了我們兩國身着軍裝的男女軍人之間的紐帶，我昨天在被稱爲自由前沿(freedom’s frontier)的非軍事區(dmz)所訪問的美韓部隊就是這樣。他們爲國效力，我們向他們致敬，並向他們表示深切的感謝。我向所有爲保衛我們而捐軀的軍人表示敬意，包括兩年前的今天在“天安”號(cheonan)上逝去的46個英魂。爲了紀念他們，我們重申作爲兩國同盟的核心的持久承諾——我們站在一起，我們對大韓民國的防衛與安全所作的承諾永不動搖。(掌聲)

最重要的是，我們從你們大家身上看到了兩國同盟的力量。數十年來，貴校培養了各方面的領軍人物——爲推動韓國這一現代奇蹟向前邁進而作出貢獻的公務員、外交人員和工商界人士，他們把韓國從一個極度貧窮的國家變成世界上最有活力的經濟體之一，把它從一個專制國家變成一個欣欣向榮的民主國家，從一個僅關注自身的內向國家變成一個帶頭維護本地區乃至全世界安全與繁榮的國家——一個真正的“全球韓國”。

因此，我要對今天所有在座的學生們說，這就是你們這一代人將要傳承的韓國。我相信，我們兩國可以共同做到的事是沒有限度的。就像你們的父輩和祖輩，你們也知道未來是靠我們自己來創造的。你們知道，在我們這個數化時代，我們能夠做到從未做過的，通過你們的智能電話、推特、me2day(韓國提供微博服務的網站-譯註)和kakao talk(一種通訊應用程序-譯註)，穿越國境進行聯繫和開展創新。(笑聲和掌聲)難怪世界上有這麼多人着迷於韓流，hallyu。(掌聲)

再考慮一下這一點：在我到訪前，我國大使館邀請韓國人通過社會媒體向我們提出你們的問題。你們有些人可能已經發送了問題。他們將此稱爲，“問一問歐巴馬總統”。你們當中有一個人——或許是你，或許是別人——這是真的——問了這麼一個問題：“你本人有沒有假裝成歐巴馬總統的一個擁護者，在某個網站上用假名貼出表達支持歐巴馬總統意見的帖子?”(笑聲)我沒有想到過要這麼做。(笑聲)事實是，我沒有這麼做過。也許我的女兒們這麼做了。(笑聲)但我自己沒這麼做過。

因此，我們共同的未來，以及我們一道應對共同挑戰的前所未有的機會，是我前來首爾的目的。在今後兩天裏，在李(lee)總統的主持下，我們將開展一項緊急工作，通過確保全世界核材料的安全來防止核恐怖主義。這是我今天想跟你們談一談的更廣泛、更全面的議程的一個重要部分——我們關於一個沒有核武器的世界的願景。

三年前，我前往布拉格(prague)，宣佈美國承諾制止核武器擴散，尋求一個無核武器的世界。我當時說我知道這個目標不可能很快實現，也許在我的有生之年沒有可能，但我知道我們必須開始行動，並採取具體步驟。在你們這一代，我看到我們作出這一努力所需要的精神——洋溢在全世界各地如此多的年輕人心中的樂觀情緒。這就是不甘於世界的現狀，要求實現世界應有狀態的想象力和讓這一願望轉變爲現實的勇氣。所以，今天，我想與你們一起確定我們的歷程並規劃下一步行動。

在漢城，爲了實現兩年前我們在華盛頓由我主持華盛頓峯會期間制定的目標，50多個國家將取得我們的進展。預定的目標要求在4年內保障全世界危險的核材料的安全，永遠不使這些材料落入恐怖主義分子之手。從那時起，各國——包括美國在內——都增強了核設施的安全。

韓國、日本、巴基斯坦等國正在建設新的中心，加強核安全和訓練。例如薩克斯坦等國已經把核材料轉移到更安全的地方。墨西哥已和其他國家一起從本國國土上消除所有的高濃縮鈾。昨天烏克蘭也加入了這個行列。總而言之，數千磅核材料已從全世界安全環節薄弱的設施被消除。這些都是致命的材料，如今已有保障，再也不會被用於襲擊像首爾這樣的城市。

我們還利用我們所掌握的每一個工具，打擊黑市和核材料走私。格魯吉亞和摩爾多瓦等國已從走私犯手中截獲了高濃縮鈾。約旦等國家正在建立自己的反走私隊伍，我們把他們聯合起來組成一個情報和執法的全​​球網絡。近20個國家已經批准了作爲我們核心工作的條約和國際合作夥伴關係。我要補充說，在我們擊斃烏薩馬·本·拉登(osama bin laden)並重創基地組織後，這個妄圖尋求核武器的恐怖主義組織正在走向毀滅。

因此，簡言之，國際社會已經比以往任何時候都讓恐怖主義分子更難獲取核武器，使我們大家更安全。我們正在建立一個可以確保核安全的國際架構。但我們並不心存幻想。我們知道，足以製造許多武器的核材料仍然儲藏在缺乏足夠保護的地方。我們知道，恐怖主義分子和犯罪團伙仍有覬覦之心——還包括製作髒彈的放射性材料。我們知道，數量很少的一點點鈈——約一個蘋果大小——就可以殺死成千上萬的人，並引發一場全球性危機。核恐怖主義的危險仍然是對全球安全最大的威脅之一。

這就是爲什麼我們需要在首爾再接再厲。而且我相信我們能做到。我們期待着幾十個國家在未來幾天宣佈，他們已經完成了他們兩年前作出的承諾。現在，我們正期待更多的承諾——切實的具體行動——保障核材料的安全，在有些情況下完全消除核材料。這是我們需要進行的認真和持續的全球性努力。這是更多的國家爲應對全球性挑戰承擔責任和代價的一個範例。這說明國際社會在21世紀應該如何工作。韓國是這個過程的主導力量之一。

美國將繼續盡我們的職責——保護我們自己的核材料，也幫助他人保護他們的核材料。我們正在與俄羅斯一起努力，銷燬足以製造約17,000件核武器的鈈，使其轉換爲電能。我今天可以宣佈，美國和幾個歐洲合作伙伴已達成的新協議，保障治療癌症和心臟病的醫用同位素的供應，不再使用高濃縮鈾。我們將與美國和全世界有關行業、醫院和研究中心共同努力，回收數千項不需要的放射性材料，使它們不能危害我們。

美國的領導地位對於在第二個領域取得進步是必不可少的——採取具體措施實現無核武器的世界。作爲《不擴散核武器條約》(nuclear nonproliferation treaty)的締約國，這是我們的義務，是一個我非常認真地對待的義務。我相信美國有獨特的責任採取行動——事實上，我們有道德的義務。我這樣說，作爲有史以來唯一使用過核武器的國家的總統。我這樣說，作爲一名總司令，我知道我們的核武器密碼從來沒有遠離過我的身旁。最重要的是，我這樣說，也作爲一位父親，他希望自己兩個年幼的女兒，能夠在一個她們所熟悉和喜愛的一切都不會被立即化爲烏有的世界上成長。

過去三年以來，我們取得了重要進展。我們與俄羅斯基於《削減戰略武器新條約》((new start treaty)——這是近20 來最爲全面的軍備控制協議——正在削減我們的核武庫。在完成這一輪削減後，美國和俄羅斯將把核彈頭部署數量減少到自上世紀50年代以來的最低水平。

作爲美國總統，我改變了我們的核武器態勢以減少核武器數量及其在我們的國家安全戰略中的作用。我明確表示，美國將不發展新的核彈頭，我們將不進行有關核武器的新的軍事使命。我們縮小了可能使用或威脅使用核武器的突發事件的範圍。與此同時，我也明確表示，只要核武器還存在一天，我就將與我們的國會共同努力來維持一個安全、有保障並且有效的核武庫，不僅能保衛美國，而且能保衛我們的盟國——包括韓國和日本。

本屆政府的核態勢體現這樣一種認識，即我們從冷戰時期所繼承的巨大的核武庫不能適應包括核恐怖主義在內的當代威脅。因此，去年夏天，我指示我的國家安全班子對我們的的核力量進行全面考察，這項工作仍在進行。但即使仍有許多工作待做，我們已經能夠有把握地說，我們擁有的核武器超出我們的需要。即使在落實《削減戰略武器新條約》以後，美國部署的核武器仍將超過1,500多件並擁有大約5,000枚彈頭。

我堅信，我們能夠在進一步削減我們的核武庫的同時，保障美國和我們盟國的安全，並對任何類型的威脅保持強有力的遏制能力。

展望未來，我們將繼續謀求與俄羅斯討論一個我們從未採取過的步驟——不僅削減我們的戰略核彈頭，而且削減戰術武器和儲備彈頭。我期待着在5月間與普京總統(president putin)會晤時討論這一議題。導彈防禦計劃也將在我們的議程中，但我相信，這應是一個我們共同合作而不是對抗的領域。我有信心，通過共同努力，我們能繼續取得進展並減少我們的核軍備。當然，我們將在前行道路上就每一步驟與我們的盟國密切磋商，因爲我們歐洲和亞洲盟國的安全與防衛是不容討價還價的。

在亞洲這裏，我們已經敦促核軍備日益擴大的中國就核問題加入我們的對話。這一邀請仍然有效。就更廣泛的層面來說，本屆政府將繼續尋求使《全面禁止核試驗條約》(comprehensive test ban treaty)獲得批准。經過多年的拖延，現在是就一項新條約找出前進之路的時候了，新條約將以可驗證的方式終止用於核武器的裂變材料的生產，從而一勞永逸地解決這個問題。

通過努力履行我們作爲一個核大國的責任，我們也在第三個領域取得進展，那就是加強了防止核武器擴散的全球性體制。當我就任總統時，國際努力的根基 ——《不擴散核武器條約》——正在受到侵蝕;伊朗已開始旋轉數百個離心機;北韓又進行了一次核試驗;而國際社會就如何應對局面在很大程度上陷入分歧。

過去三年以來，我們開始逆轉這種態勢。通過與其他國家的合作，我們加強了防止核擴散的全球夥伴合作關係。國際原子能機構(international atomic energy agency)目前正在進行有史以來最爲嚴格的檢查。我們始終堅持《不擴散核武器條約》的基本條件：美國和俄羅斯等擁有核武器的國家將走向核裁軍;尚未擁有核武器的國家將不尋求核武器;所有國家都能和平利用核能。

由於這些努力，國際社會更爲團結一致，試圖無視自身義務的國家更爲孤立，其中當然包括北韓。

在韓國這裏，我想直接對平壤的領導人說，美國對你們的國家沒有敵意。我們致力於和平。我們有準備採取步驟改善關係，正因爲如此，我們向北韓的母親和兒童提供了營養援助。

然而，現在應該已經清楚，你們的挑釁行爲和謀求發展核武器並沒有給你們帶來所希望的安全，而是危及了安全。你們並沒有得到你們渴望的尊嚴，而是變得更孤立。你們沒有贏得世界的尊重，而是受到強烈的制裁和譴責。你們可以繼續沿着你們目前的道路走下去，但是我們知道其歸宿。它只會導致重蹈舊轍——更多破粹的夢想，更多的孤立，北韓人民與他們所應有的尊嚴和機會之間的距離更遙遠。

要知道：挑釁不會有好結果。那些日子已一去不復返。我想奉勸平壤領導人，你們須作出選擇。這是你們必須作出的決定。今天，我們要說：平壤，鼓起勇氣謀求和平，給北韓人民帶來更好的生活。(掌聲)。

同樣的原則也適用於伊朗。根據《不擴散核武器條約》，伊朗有權發展和平用途的核能。事實上，國際社會，包括美國在內，多次提出幫助伊朗和平發展核能。然而，伊朗一再拒絕，並走上一條否認、欺騙和隱瞞的道路。因此，伊朗也陷於孤立，是《不擴散核武器條約》成員中惟一不能讓國際社會相信其核計劃是用於和平目的的國家——惟一的成員。所以，世界才實施了前所未有的制裁，以減緩伊朗的核計劃。

國際社會如今作好準備與伊朗領導人舉行會談。再次有可能通過外交方式 解決問題，使伊朗在就國際社會所關注的問題作出迴響的同時，得到和平的核能源。今天，我將會晤俄羅斯和中國的領導人，我們正在努力達成一項決議，使伊朗履行其義務。

仍然有時間通過外交手段解決問題。我始終更希望以外交手段解決這些問題。然而，時間不多。伊朗領導人必須明白他們也面臨着選擇。伊朗必須識時務地認真而緊迫地採取行動。伊朗必須履行其義務。

面對伊朗和北韓的不妥協，全球正出現新的國際標準：即條約具有約束力，規則將付諸實施，違約將受到制裁。我們拒絕接受一個有越來越多的政權擁有世界上最致命武器的未來。

由此引出我要談的我們已經取得進展的最後一個領域，即重新致力於將原子能用於和平而非戰爭目的。福島(fukushima)悲劇發生後，有關國家採取行動加強核設施的穩定與安全，這是正確和應有的做法。我們在美國也在這麼做。全世界都在這樣做。

與此同時，讓我們不要忘記核技術已爲我們的生活所帶來的巨大好處。核技術使我們的食品安全。它在發展中國家預防疾病。它提供治療癌症和尋求新療法的高技術藥物。當然，它是能源——是清潔的能源，有助於減少導致氣候變化的碳污染。正如你們諸位所知道的，韓國作爲核能源的帶頭國已經顯示出，國家謀求和平運用核能源並拒絕發展核武器所能帶來的進步與繁榮。

隨着油價上漲及氣候變暖，核能只會變得更加重要。這就是爲什麼我們在美國已經重新啓動我們的核工業，把它列爲開發各種能源的全面戰略的內容之一。我們支持了30年來的第一個新建核電廠。我們現在正投資於創新技術以便建立既安全、又清潔的新一代核電廠。我們正在培訓下一代科學家和工程師，他們將利用各種新技術帶領我們前進。

他們以及你們這一代人將會面臨的巨大挑戰之一是在生產核能的過程中燃料自身的循環。我們都知道有這樣一個問題： 爲我們提供核能的程序也有可能讓某些國家和恐怖主義分子易於取得核武器。無論如何，我們不能繼續大量堆積那些我們正想方設法不讓恐怖分子獲得的材料，例如已分離的鈈。

這就是爲什麼我們要創建新的燃料庫，幫助一些國家在不增加我們所擔心的核危險的情況下得到它們尋求獲得的能源。這就是爲什麼我呼籲建立一個新的民用核合作框架。我們需要有一項關於利用未來燃料循環的國際承諾。在美國，我們正投資於研究和開發新型燃料循環，不讓危險的材料被竊取或轉移。今天，我敦促各國與我國共同努力實現一個讓我們將原子的驚人威力用於建設而不用於毀滅的未來。

在這個意義上，我們能看到今天我所闡明的各項努力是怎樣相輔相成的。當我們加強核安全時，我們便處於更穩固的地位去駕馭安全、清潔的核能。當我們開發出獲取核能的新的、更加安全的方法時，我們便減少了核恐怖主義和核擴散的風險。當包括我國在內的各國履行自己的職責時，便加強了我們確保其他國家也履行職責的能力。一步接着一步，我們會越來越接近於實現一個沒有核武器的安全與和平的世界。

我知道有一些人對我們的願景嗤之以鼻。有一些人說我們的願景是一個永遠不可能實現的目標。而我要告訴任何一個對這個有可能實現的偉大進展持懷疑態度的人：請你到韓國來看一看。請你來到這個在戰爭廢墟上重建的國家——(掌聲)——這是一個在戰爭廢墟上重建的國家，它把一堆堆瓦礫變成了一座座光彩奪目的城市。請站在我昨天站過的地方，站在世界上對比最鮮明的邊境線上，一邊是一個致力於發展、致力於爲其人民服務的國家;另一邊是讓本國公民忍飢挨餓的國家。

請來到這所偉大的大學，這裏的新一代人正在這個世界各顯身手——(掌聲)——幫助創造你們的父輩和祖輩可望而不可即的機會。請你來看一看今天在我們中間的那些有勇氣的人士——不分男女、 不分老幼，這些人雖然出生在北方，但他們離鄉背井、冒着生命危險來到南方這裏尋找自由和機會。從你們的人生歷程中，我們看到這樣一個事實：兩韓人民都是同胞。只要給予他們機會，如果賦予他們自由，北韓人同樣有能力取得巨大的進步。(掌聲)

昨天遠眺 “非軍事區”而今天注視着你們的目光，讓我想到了另一個國家的歷程，它展現出我們這個世界有可能產生的變革。在一場可怕的戰爭過後，有尊嚴的一國人民被分隔開來。在戒備森嚴的邊境兩側部署着大批軍隊，戎裝待戰。在長達數十年的時間裏，人們難以想見一種不同的前景。然而，歷史的力量以及人民的希望是不容否定的。今天，德國人民重又成爲一個整體——統一而且自由。

任何兩個地區所走的道路都不會完全相同，但千真萬確的是：歷史的潮流不可阻擋。對自由和尊嚴的深切渴求不會消失。(掌聲)在這個分裂的半島上也是如此。那個朝鮮半島全體人民都向往的日子不會輕易到來，也不會沒有巨大代價。但毋庸置疑的是，這一天終將到來。(掌聲)當它來臨之時，一度看似不可能實現的變革將全面鋪開。哨卡將打開，崗樓將撤空，長期分隔兩地的親人終將團聚。朝鮮半島人民在多年之後終將成爲統一、自由的人民。

正如我們要在全世界消除核武器的願景一樣，我們希望朝鮮半島合而爲一的願景可能無法迅速實現。但從這一天起，一直到那個時刻以及其後的所有日子可以令人感到欣慰的是，我們知道我們所尋求的安全以及我們所向往的和平因爲有美利堅合衆國和大韓民國之間的偉大同盟——(掌聲)——因爲我們誓將捍衛朝鮮半島全體人民的尊嚴和自由而日益接近。(掌聲)無論要面臨什麼樣的考驗，無論要經受什麼樣的磨難，我們都將站在一起。我們都將並肩努力。我們都將共同前進。(掌聲)

katchi kapshida! (韓文，意爲“我們一起來!”)

非常感謝大家。(掌聲)

國務院總理xx當地時間21日下午在瑞士達沃斯出席世界經濟論壇XX年會，並在全會上發表題爲《維護和平穩定 推動結構改革 增強發展新動能》的特別緻辭。以下是應屆畢業生演講網的小編爲您蒐集整理的致辭全文如下：

chinese premier li keqiang delivers a keynote speech titled "uphold peace and stability, advance structural reform and generate new momentum for development," at the world economic forum (wef) annual meeting in davos, switzerland, on jan. 21, XX. following is the full text of li's speech:

維護和平穩定 推動結構改革 增強發展新動能

——在世界經濟論壇XX年會上的特別緻辭

中國國務院總理 xx

(XX年1月21日，瑞士達沃斯)

uphold peace and stability, advance structural reform and generate new momentum for development

special address by chinese premier li keqiang

at the world economic forum annual meeting XX

davos, 21 january XX

尊敬的施瓦布主席，

尊敬的索馬魯加主席，

尊敬的各位貴賓，

女士們，先生們，朋友們：

professor klaus schwab,

president simonetta sommaruga,

distinguished guests,

ladies and gentlemen,

dear friends,

很高興時隔5年再次來到達沃斯，出席世界經濟論壇XX年會。達沃斯小鎮十分寧靜祥和，但我們所處的世界卻並不平靜，國際社會需要應對新局勢。我還聽說，達沃斯曾經是治療肺病的療養地，因爲盤尼西林的發明而轉型。時至今日，達沃斯已經成爲“頭腦風暴”的智力中心，世界也需要新的“盤尼西林”來應對新挑戰。

it gives me great pleasure to come to davos again after five years to attend the world economic forum annual meeting XX. davos is a town of peace and serenity, yet the world outside is not tranquil. we need to work together to shape the world in a new global context. i was told that davos used to be a resort for recuperation from lung diseases, and the later discovery of penicillin changed that. now it is a place for people to gather and pool their wisdom for "brain-storm". personally, i find this more than relevant, because our world also needs new forms of "penicillin" to tackle new challenges that have emerged.

毋庸諱言，當今世界遠非太平，地區熱點、局部衝突以及恐怖襲擊等此起彼伏，對人類社會構成現實威脅;全球經濟又復甦乏力，主要經濟體走勢分化，大宗商品價格反覆波動，通貨緊縮跡象更雪上加霜。不少人對世界前景抱有悲觀情緒，認爲不僅和平與安寧出了問題，發展也難見曙光。

admittedly, the world today is by no means trouble-free. regional hotspots, local conflicts and terrorist attacks continue to flare up, posing immediate threats to humanity. global economic recovery lacks speed and momentum. major economies are performing unevenly. commodity prices are going through frequent fluctuations. and signs of deflation have made the situation even worse. in fact, many people are quite pessimistic about the future of the world. they believe that the guarantee of peace is weak, and the prospect of development is elusive.

有哲人說過，當問題出現的時候，不能用曾經制造問題的辦法去解決它。老問題的解決，不能再從對抗、仇恨、封閉中謀答案;新問題的應對，更要在對話、協商、合作中找出路。我們要吸取歷史經驗，運用時代智慧，尋求各方利益的最大公約數。人類在艱難時刻，總是能激起突破困境的勇氣，迸發出變革創新的力量。

a philosopher once observed that we cannot solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. indeed, old problems can no longer be solved by clinging to the outdated mindset of confrontation, hatred and isolation. dialogue, consultation and cooperation must be explored to find solutions to new problems. it is important that we draw lessons from history, and pool our collective wisdom to maximize the convergence of interests among countries. fortunately, in time of hardship and trial, mankind have always been able to find the courage to get out of the predicament and move ahead through change and innovation.

面對複雜的國際局勢，我們主張要堅定維護和平穩定。今年是世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70週年。保持世界和平穩定，符合各國人民共同利益。二戰後形成的國際秩序和普遍公認的國際關係準則，必須維護而不能打破，否則繁榮和發展也就無從談起。國家間應擯棄冷戰思維與零和遊戲，“贏者通吃”是行不通的。任何地區熱點和地緣衝突，都應堅持通過政治手段、以和平方式尋求解決。我們反對一切形式的恐怖主義。中國將繼續走和平發展道路，維護地區穩定，無意與任何國家一爭高下。世界各國都要像愛護自己的眼睛一樣愛護和平，讓文明理性正義之花開遍世界。

in a world facing complex international situation, we should all work together to uphold peace and stability. this year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the world's anti-fascist war. to uphold peace and stability serves the interests of all people in the world. the world order established after world war ii as well as generally recognized norms governing international relations must be maintained, not overturned. otherwise, prosperity and development could be jeopardized. the cold war and zero-sum mentalities must be abandoned. the "winner takes all" approach will not work. regional hotspots and geopolitical conflicts must be resolved peacefully through political means. terrorism, in all its manifestations, must be opposed. china remains committed to peaceful development and regional stability. and china has no intention to compete with other countries for supremacy. peace in the world must be cherished the same as we cherish our eyes, so that the achievements and benefits of civilization, including reason and justice, will prevail.

面對多元的世界文明，我們主張要共同促進和諧相處。文化多樣性與生物多樣性一樣，是我們這個星球最值得珍視的天然寶藏。人類社會是各種文明都能盛開的百花園，不同文化之間、不同宗教之間，都應相互尊重、和睦共處。同可相親，異宜相敬。國際社會應以海納百川的胸懷，求同存異、包容互鑑、合作共贏。

in a world of diverse civilizations, we should all seek to live in harmony. cultural diversity, like biodiversity, is a most precious treasure endowed to us on this planet. and human society is like a garden where all human civilizations blossom. different cultures and religions need to respect and live in harmony with each other. while maintaining the natural close ties among those with whom we see eye to eye, we also need to respect those with whom we disagree. like the vast ocean admitting all rivers that run into it, members of the international community need to work together to expand common ground while accepting differences, and seek win-win progress through inclusive cooperation and mutual learning.

面對多變的經濟形勢，我們主張要大力推動開放創新。國際金融危機爆發7年來的實踐證明，唯有同舟共濟，才能渡過難關。在相互依存的世界裏，各國有權根據自己的國情制定經濟政策，但是也應加強同其他國家的宏觀政策協調，擴大利益匯合點，實現共同發展。歐洲有諺語講：“面對變革之風，有人砌圍牆，有人轉風車。”我們倡導順勢而爲，堅定不移推進自由貿易，旗幟鮮明反對保護主義，積極擴大區域經濟合作，打造全球價值鏈，迎接新科技革命的到來。宏觀政策固然重要，但結構性改革勢在必行，這是國際社會的共識。儘管難度很大，但也應該堅持去做，這樣才能形成全球創新合力，增強世界發展的新動能。

in a world facing volatile economic situation, we should all work to promote opening-up and innovation. what has happened since the outbreak of the international financial crisis seven years ago proves that to work in unity is the surest way for countries to get over the difficulties. we are all interdependent in this world. while we each have the right to adopt economic policies in line with national conditions, we need to strengthen macro-policy coordination to expand the convergence of interests and achieve common development. an european proverb says, "when the wind of change blows, some build walls, while others build windmills." we need to act along the trend of our time, firmly advance free trade, resolutely reject protectionism, and actively expand regional economic cooperation. we need to build global value chains, and seize the opportunity of a new technological revolution. while the international community agree on the importance of macro-policies to the economy, they also recognize the urgency to go ahead with structural reform. structural reform must be carried through no matter how difficult it is, as it is an effective way to foster conditions conducive to global innovation and bring about new momentum for global development.

女士們，先生們!

ladies and gentlemen,

我知道，與會者對中國經濟前景很關注，或許有人擔憂受到中國經濟速度放緩的拖累，還有人擔憂受到中國經濟轉型的衝擊。因此，我想多介紹中國的情況。

i know you are all interested in the outlook of the chinese economy. some of you may even worry about the possible potential impact of china's economic slowdown and transition. to ease your concerns, let me spend more time today on what is really happening in china.

當前，中國經濟發展進入新常態，經濟由高速增長轉爲中高速增長，發展必須由中低端水平邁向中高端水平，爲此要堅定不移推動結構性改革。

the chinese economy has entered a state of new normal. the gear of growth is shifting from high speed to medium-to-high speed, and development needs to move from low-to-medium level to medium-to-high level. this has made it all the more necessary for us to press ahead with structural reform.

應當看到，中國經濟增速有所放緩，既有世界經濟深度調整的大背景，也是內在的經濟規律。現在，中國經濟規模已居世界第二，基數增大，即使是7%的增長，年度現價增量也達到8000多億美元，比5年前增長10%的數量還要大。經濟運行處在合理區間，不一味追求速度了，緊繃的供求關係變得舒緩，重荷的資源環境得以減負，可以騰出手來推進結構性改革，向形態更高級、分工更復雜、結構更合理的發展階段演進。這樣，中國經濟的“列車”不僅不會掉擋失速，反而會跑得更穩健有力，帶來新機遇，形成新動能。

it must be noted that the moderation of growth speed in china reflects both profound adjustments in the world economy as well as the law of economics. the chinese economy is now the second largest in the world. with a larger base figure, a growth even at 7% will produce an annual increase of more than 800 billion us dollars at current price, larger than a 10% growth five years ago. with the economy performing within the reasonable range and the speed of growth no longer taken as the sole yardstick, the strained supply-demand relationship will be eased, the pressure on resources and the environment will be lowered, and more time and energy will be devoted to push forward structural reform. that means, the economy will enter a more advanced stage of development, with more sophisticated division of labor and a more optimized structure. if i could compare the chinese economy to a running train. what i want you to know is that this train will not lose speed or momentum. it will only be powered by stronger dynamo and run with greater steadiness, bringing along new opportunities and new momentum of growth.

剛剛過去的XX年，我們就是按照這個思路做的。面對下行壓力，我們沒有采取強刺激，而是強力推進改革，尤其是政府帶頭改革，大力簡政放權，激發市場和企業的活力。全年gdp增長7.4%，在世界主要經濟體中是最高的;城鎮新增就業1300多萬人，在經濟放緩情況下不減反增，登記失業率、調查失業率都是下降的;cpi上漲2%，低於年初預期目標。事實說明，我們出臺的一系列宏觀調控政策是正確的、有效的。更重要的是結構性改革邁出新步伐。

in XX, we followed exactly the afore-mentioned approach. in the face of downward pressure, we did not resort to strong stimulus; instead, we vigorously pursued reforms, and the government in fact led these reforms by streamlining administration and delegating power. this has motivated both the market and the business sector. gdp grew by 7.4% for the whole year, the best among major economies in the world. over 13 million new jobs were created in cities, with both registered and surveyed unemployment rates lower than the previous year. that is, we achieved growth in employment despite the economic slowdown. cpi was kept at 2%, lower than the target set at the beginning of the year. these outcomes prove that the host of macro-regulation measures china adopted have been right and effective. more importantly, new progress has been made in advancing structural reform.

不可否認，XX年，中國經濟仍面臨較大下行壓力。在這種情況下如何選擇?是追求短期更高增長，還是着眼長期中高速增長，提升發展質量?答案是後者。我們將繼續保持戰略定力，實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，不會搞“大水漫灌”，而是更加註重預調微調，更好實行定向調控，確保經濟運行在合理區間，同時着力提升經濟發展的質量和效益。

needless to say, the chinese economy will continue to face substantial downward pressure in XX. what shall we choose to do under such circumstances? shall we go for even higher growth for the short term, or for medium-to-high growth and a higher quality of development over the long run? the answer is definitely the latter. we will maintain our strategic focus and continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. we will avoid adopting indiscriminate policies. instead, we will put more emphasis on anticipatory adjustment and fine-tuning, do an even better job with targeted macro-regulation to keep the economy operating within the reasonable range, and raise the quality and performance of the economy.

我們正在採取有效措施防範債務、金融等潛在風險。中國儲蓄率高達50%，能夠爲經濟增長提供充裕資金。地方性債務70%以上用於基礎設施建設，是有資產保障的。金融體制改革也正在推進。我在這裏要向大家傳遞的信息是，中國不會發生區域性、系統性金融風險，中國經濟不會出現“硬着陸”。

we are taking effective measures to fend off debt, financial and other potential risks. china's high savings rate, which now stands at 50%, generates sufficient funds for sustaining economic growth. besides, china's local debt, over 70% of which was incurred for infrastructure development, is backed by assets. and reform of the financial system is making progress. what i want to emphasize is that regional or systemic financial crisis will not happen in china, and the chinese economy will not head for a hard landing.

要看到，中國還是一個發展中國家，實現現代化還有很長的路要走。和平是中國發展的基礎條件，改革開放和人民對幸福美好生活的追求是發展的最大動力。中國城鄉和區域發展空間廣闊，國內需求潛力巨大。以中高速再發展一、二十年，中國的面貌就會持續改善，也會給世界帶來更多發展機遇。

it must be pointed out that china is still a developing country and still has a long way to go before achieving modernization. while peace is the basic condition for china's development, reform and opening-up along with our people's desire for a happy life constitute the strongest impetus propelling development. the space of development in china's rural and urban areas and various regions is enormous, and the country's domestic demand will simply generate great potential of growth. development at medium-to-high speed for another ten to twenty years will bring even bigger changes to china and create more development opportunities for the world.

中國經濟要頂住下行壓力，實現“雙中高”，就需要對傳統思維“說不”，爲創新體制“叫好”，下決心推進結構性改革。要創新宏觀調控，增添微觀活力，調整城鄉、區域和產業結構，促進比較充分的就業特別是年輕人的就業，改善收入分配和民生福祉。這需要付出艱辛努力，但是我們將不畏困難。只有沿着促改革、調結構的路子堅定走下去，才能使中國經濟長期保持中高速增長，發展邁向中高端水平。

for the chinese economy to withstand downward pressure, and to maintain medium-to-high speed of growth and achieve medium-to-high level of development, we need to say "no" to traditional mindset. we must encourage innovative institutions, and press ahead with structural reform. we need to adopt more innovative macro-regulation policies and develop a more vigorous micro economy. we need to promote more balanced development of industries, between rural and urban areas and among regions. we need to ensure relatively high employment rate, especially sufficient employment for the young people. and we need to optimize income distribution and raise the people's welfare. all this certainly calls for tremendous efforts. yet we will stay undaunted in the face of difficulties. we will unswervingly press ahead with reform and restructuring to ensure that our economy maintains medium-to-high speed of growth and achieves medium-to-high level of development.

中國經濟要行穩致遠，必須全面深化改革。用好政府和市場這“兩隻手”，形成“雙引擎”。一方面要使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用，培育打造新引擎;另一方面要更好發揮政府作用，改造升級傳統引擎。

to ensure long-term and steady growth of the chinese economy, we need to comprehensively deepen reforms. we need to properly use both the hand of the government and the hand of the market, and rely on both the traditional and new engines of growth. we will let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation to foster a new engine of growth. at the same time, we will give better scope to the role of the government to transform and upgrade the traditional engine of growth.

我們說要打造新引擎，就是推動大衆創業、萬衆創新。中國有13億人口、9億勞動力、7000萬企業和個體工商戶，人民勤勞而智慧。如果把全社會每一個細胞都激活，就會使整個經濟肌體充滿生機，進而匯聚成巨大的推動力量。大衆創業、萬衆創新蘊藏着無窮創意和無限財富，是取之不竭的“金礦”。

to foster a new engine of growth, we will encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation. china has 1.3 billion people, a 900-million workforce, and over 70 million enterprises and self-employed businesses. our people are hard-working and talented. if we could activate every cell in society, the economy of china as a whole will brim with more vigor and gather stronger power for growth. mass entrepreneurship and innovation, in our eyes, is a "gold mine" that provides constant source of creativity and wealth.

這使我想起30多年前的中國農村改革，放開搞活，讓農民自主決定生產經營，調動了廣大農民的積極性，結果只用了短短几年時間，就解決了長期沒有解決的吃飯問題。制度創新激發了億萬人的創造力，也改變了億萬人的命運。兩個月前，我去了中國東部的一個村莊，那裏有700多戶人家，卻開設了2800多家註冊網店，每天向世界各地售出超過3000萬件各類商品。這就是勤勞肯幹大衆創業的生動寫照。

speaking of this, i think of china's rural reform conducted more than 30 years ago. the reform brought farmers' initiatives into full play and allowed them to decide for themselves matters related to rural production and management. consequently, the problem of hunger that previously haunted china was solved in just a couple of years. in short, a structural innovation that unleashed the creativity of the people changed the lot of hundreds of millions in china. i also think of a small village i visited two months ago in eastern china. in the village were some 700 households and over 2,800 registered online stores. each day, more than 30 million items of various sorts were sold to different parts of the world. the story of the village speaks vividly of the hard-working chinese people actively engaged in entrepreneurship.

今天的中國，需要開發活力的新源泉。活力來自多樣性，多樣性的碰撞產生智慧的火花，點燃創新發展的火炬。大衆創業、萬衆創新不僅能釋放民智民力，擴大內需和居民消費，增加社會財富，增進大衆福祉。更重要的是，讓所有人都有平等機會和舞臺實現人生價值，推進社會縱向流動，實現社會公平正義。

going forward, china needs new sources of dynamism to carry development forward. dynamism comes from diversity, which sparks wisdom and fosters innovation. mass entrepreneurship and innovation serves to unleash people's ingenuity and power. it will result in greater demand and residents' consumption, greater social wealth, and greater welfare for the people. more importantly, it will bring opportunity for many and give people the stage to reach life's full potential. it will also bring about greater social mobility, equity and justice.

管制束縛創新，競爭促進繁榮。我們將進一步深化行政體制改革，繼續取消和下放行政審批事項，全面清理非行政許可，推行市場準入負面清單制度，爲市場主體鬆綁減負。這也有利於壓縮尋租和腐敗的空間。我們將依法保護知識產權，盡力營造鼓勵進取、寬容失敗的環境，同時保護各類合法產權。

excessive regulation discourages innovation, and healthy competition is the way to prosperity. we will deepen reform of the administrative system. this means we will continue to abolish or delegate to lower-level governments items previously subject to state council review and approval. we will comprehensively sort out items requiring non-governmental review and approval, and put in place a negative-list approach for market access. this will incentivize market players, and help reduce the possibility of rent-seeking and corruption. we will protect intellectual property rights in accordance with the law, and do our best to foster an environment that encourages entrepreneurship and tolerates failure. moreover, we will give protection to all sorts of legal property rights.

我們說要改造傳統引擎，重點是擴大公共產品和公共服務供給。中國經濟發展雖然取得很大成就，但公共產品與服務不足仍是“短板”。目前，中國人均公共設施資本存量僅爲西歐國家的38%、北美國家的 23%;服務業水平比同等發展中國家低10個百分點;城鎮化率比發達國家低20多個百分點。這當中蘊藏着公共產品與服務的巨大空間。增加這方面供給，屬於政府分內的職責，是改善民生的必要舉措，也是擴大內需的重要推手。

to transform the traditional engine of growth, we will focus on increasing the supply of public goods and services. china has made remarkable economic achievements, but inadequate supply of public goods and services remains a weak link in development. china's capital stock on public infrastructure, in per capita terms, is only 38% that of western europe and 23% that of north america. the development of its service sector is 10 percentage points lower than other developing countries at similar development stages. and its rate of urbanization is more than 20 percentage points lower than developed countries. this means a massive space for increasing public goods and services. to deliver such public goods and services to improve people's lives is the government's responsibility. they are also important ways to boost domestic demand.

今年，我們確定了包括中西部鐵路、水利工程、各類棚戶區和城鄉危房改造、污染防治等重點投資領域。政府在加大財政投入的同時，不再唱“獨角戲”，而是通過深化投融資改革，打破壟斷，吸引社會資金和外資參與，採取政府和民營合作(ppp)、中外合作以及政府購買服務等方式，放大投資效應。如近年中國西部省區建設一家污水處理廠，需要資金3.35億元人民幣，成功吸引德國一家水務公司參與投資，德方股比佔到70%。

this year, we have identified some key areas for investment, including building railways in central and western provinces, constructing water conservancy projects, rebuilding rundown urban areas and old houses in cities and villages, and preventing and controlling pollutions. the government will increase investment in these areas, and it will not act alone. efforts will be made to break monopoly and reform the investment and financing systems to encourage the participation of private and foreign capitals. the model of public-private partnership (ppp), sino-foreign cooperatives and government purchase of services will be adopted to better leverage various investment sources. i have an example here to cite. a few years ago, the plan was made to build a sewage treatment plant in a province in western china, and a total of 335 million rmb yuan was needed. the project later attracted investment from a german water company, with the german side controlling 70 percent of the total shares.

我們將推進財稅改革，給企業尤其是服務型企業減稅降費，推出扶持中小企業的新舉措。深化金融改革，繼續推進利率、匯率市場化，加快發展中小金融機構特別是民營銀行，發展多層次資本市場。推動價格改革，大幅縮減政府定價種類和項目，最大限度放開價格管制。同時，注重發揮政府在“軟環境”建設中的作用，扮演好市場監管的角色，打造國際化、市場化、法治化的營商環境，爲所有市場主體提供優質高效的公共服務。

moving forward, we will deepen fiscal and taxation reform, reduce the tax and fees charged to businesses, particularly those in the service sector, and take new steps to support smes. we will deepen reform of the financial system, continue to promote liberalization of interest and exchange rates, and accelerate the development of small- and medium-sized financial institutions, private banks in particular, with a view to developing a multi-tiered capital market. we will speed up reform of the pricing system, substantially reduce the types and items for which the government sets the prices, and liberate price regulation to the maximum extent possible. more emphasis will be given to the government's role in creating a favorable "soft environment". that means better market regulation, a world-class business environment established on market principles and the rule of law. in this way, we will be able to provide efficient and quality public services to all market players.

女士們，先生們!

ladies and gentlemen,

中國改革與發展將給世界帶來更多商機。我們將進一步放寬外資准入，探索准入前國民待遇加負面清單管理模式，對中外企業一視同仁，重點有序擴大金融、教育、文化、醫療、養老等服務業對外開放，推廣上海自貿區經驗，讓各國投資者能挖掘出源源不斷的“富礦”。

china's reform and development will bring more business opportunities to the world. we will provide easier market access for inbound foreign investment, and explore the possibility of management based on a pre-establishment national treatment and negative-list approach. chinese and foreign companies will be treated as equals. we will further open the financial, education, cultural, medical care, pension and other service sectors in an orderly way, and bring the experience of the china (shanghai) pilot free trade zone to other parts of china. our aim is to help investors from across countries find "rich mines" and reap steady returns from their investment.

我們還將創新對外投資合作方式，中國高鐵、核電、航空、電信等優勢行業“走出去”，對接當地市場需求，也是在國際市場競爭中接受檢驗。其中不少產品本來就是中外合作生產的，出口本身就是共同開拓第三方市場。我們提出“一帶一路”建設，願與相關國家需求相結合，合作推進。

what is more, china will explore new approaches to investment cooperation with other countries. china's high-speed railway, nuclear power, aviation, telecommunications and other sophisticated manufacturing capacities are gradually being introduced to other countries. they could meet market demand of the recipient country, and stand the test of competition on the international market. their export will also help open up third-country markets, as many of such products are made by joint ventures between china and a foreign country. china has put forward the initiatives to build the silk road economic belt and the 21st century maritime silk road. china hopes to work with other countries to advance these initiatives and ensure that they are brought forward in ways that meet the actual needs of countries concerned.

瑞士達沃斯是世界滑雪勝地。大家知道，滑雪有三要素：速度、平衡、勇氣。對中國經濟而言，就是要主動適應新常態，保持中高速度的增長，平衡好穩增長和調結構的關係，以壯士斷腕的勇氣推進改革。只要我們堅持改革開放不動搖，着力推進結構性改革，推動大衆創業、萬衆創新，擴大公共產品、公共服務供給，用“雙引擎”助力“雙中高”，中國經濟就一定能夠擺脫 “中等收入陷阱”的“魔咒”，走上持續健康發展的軌道，同時爲世界經濟帶來更大機遇。

davos of switzerland is a world-famous ski resort. as we understand, to be a good skier, one needs to do three things: go at the right speed, keep balance and be courageous. i believe this also holds true for the chinese economy. what is important now for china is to adapt to the new normal. china will maintain medium-to-high speed of growth, keep a proper balance between steady growth and structural adjustment, and push forward reform with great courage and determination. china will stay firm in its commitment to reform and opening-up. it will focus on structural reform, encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation, increase supply of public goods and services, and use the twin engines to ensure that the economy maintains medium-to-high speed of growth and achieves medium-to-high level of development. as long as we succeed in doing so, the chinese economy will successfully overcome the "middle-income trap" and move ahead along the path of sustainable and sound development. this will in turn bring greater opportunities to the world economy.

我相信，只要國際社會攜起手來，堅守和平穩定的底線，秉持和諧相處的理念，激活開放創新的動力，就沒有克服不了的艱難險阻，我們賴以生存的這個世界就會迎來一個更加美好的未來!

in closing, i would like to call upon the international community to forge ahead and work in unison to uphold peace and stability, embrace harmonious coexistence, and boost the impetus for openness and innovation. by doing so, i am confident we will be able to overcome whatever difficulty or obstacle that stand in our way, and bring about a better future for the world that we all call home.

謝謝大家。

thank you very much.