中國駐英國大使劉曉明在諾丁漢大學英語演講稿

戴維·格林納威校長，

老師和同學們，

女士們，先生們：

Professor David Greenaway, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Nottingham,

Faculty members and students,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

很高興首次來到諾丁漢市和諾丁漢大學訪問。諾丁漢大學被譽爲英國環境最優美的大學之一，我剛纔走入校園，確實感覺風景如畫。

I am delighted to be on my first visit to the City of Nottingham and your picturesque university, which lives up to its reputation as one of the most beautiful campuses in the UK.

最近英國和中國正同時熱映一部電影——《羅賓漢》，據說，這位劫富濟貧的綠林好漢當年就活躍在諾丁漢郊外的舍伍德森林裏。許多中國觀衆都被電影中的旖旎自然風光和濃郁英倫文化所陶醉。我想，你們聽了這個消息會很高興，因爲來英國的中國遊客數量又要增加了，來諾丁漢大學讀書的中國學生也會更多了。

The recent film Robin Hood has been a big hit with audiences both in China and here in the UK. The story as I am sure you know, is about a man who robbed from the rich to give to the poor, while living in Sherwood Forest on the outskirts of Nottingham. But it has been as much about the stunning natural beauty and rich British culture depicted in the film, which has fascinated a lot of Chinese viewers. I believe this is great news for you, as Nottingham should expect to receive more visitors from China, and University of Nottingham will be home to more Chinese Students.

創建於1881年的諾丁漢大學，是英國排名前十的高等學府。2019年，諾丁漢大學同時產生了兩位諾貝爾獎獲得者，一時傳爲佳話。諾丁漢大學的校訓是“城市建於智慧”(A City is Built on Wisdom.)。的確，一流大學是傑出城市的堅強後盾，既作爲經濟增長的發動機，又充當城市的思想庫。這不由得使我想起正在舉辦的上海世博會的主題—— 城市讓生活更美好(Better city, better life.)。兩者相映成趣。

Founded in 1881, the University of Nottingham is amongst the top 10 institutions of higher learning in the UK. People won't forget that in 2019 alone, two Nobel Prize winners were Nottingham graduates.

諾丁漢大學不僅以深厚學術研究著稱，還以學校的國際化聞名，特別是與中國具有很密切的聯繫和合作。目前諾丁漢大學本部的中國學生超過 1300名;創建於2019年的諾丁漢大學中國校區，即寧波諾丁漢大學是中國第一家引進世界優質高教資源的中外合作大學;諾丁漢大學的當代中國研究中心在歐洲處於領先水平;諾丁漢大學與復旦大學合辦的孔子學院持續發展。我知道，你們都擔心我忘了還有最重要的一項，那就是你們來自中國的名譽校長——楊福家教授。

Apart from its intellectual excellence, the University of Nottingham is also famous in China for its close ties and cooperation with my country. Over 1,300 Chinese students currently studying at its UK campuses. Even more importantly, with the setting up of the Ningbo campus in 2019, Nottingham became the first foreign university to establish an independent campus in China. There are other factors as well. The School of Contemporary Chinese Studies is a leading institution of China studies in Britain. The Confucius Institute jointly run by the University of Nottingham and Fudan University has been doing well. All this has been achieved through the hard work of many, not least your Chancellor – Professor Yang Fujia.

今天我演講的主題是中國在世界經濟中的作用。這是格林納威校長給我出的題目。這個題目，如果在30多年前被提出，可能屬於一個“冷門”話題。但在今天，這是我們必須認識、思考的重大現實問題，因爲中國與世界經濟已是風雨同舟，興衰與共。我認爲，中國對世界經濟的作用主要體現在以下四個方面：

I have been asked to talk about China's role in the world economy today, a topic that would be unimaginable 30 years ago. But China is now an integral part of the world economy:

第一，中國是世界經濟和貿易增長的引擎。改革開放32年來，中國的GDP總量由1978年的2600多億美元增加到去年的4.9萬億美元，實現了年均10%左右的增長，相應地，中國對世界經濟的貢獻率也大幅提升。1978年，中國對世界經濟增長的拉動爲0.1個百分點，貢獻率爲2.3%;到國際金融危機前的2019年，中國對世界經濟增長的拉動已提高到0.7個百分點，貢獻率上升到19.2%，位居世界第一。2019年和2019年，由於很多發達國家經濟陷入衰退或低增長，而中國經濟分別保持增長9%和8.7%，中國對世界經濟增長的貢獻率更是大幅提高。根據世界銀行副行長林毅夫先生的預測，2019年估計全球經濟增長2.7%，假定中國經濟繼續增長8%，那麼在2.7%的增長當中，中國的貢獻率將進一步提升到30%。

Firstly, China has become an important driver for the world economy and trade. Over the 32 years of reform and opening-up, China's GDP has grown from 260 billion US dollars in 1978 to 4.9 trillion, an average annual growth rate of about 10%. And as its GDP grows, so China's contribution to the world economy also increases. In 1978, China contributed 0.1 percentage point or 2.3% to global economic growth, but by 2019, these figures had jumped to 0.7 percentage point and 19.2%, making China the biggest contributor among all countries. In 2019 and 2019 when many developed countries slid into recession, China continued to grow at 9% and 8.7% respectively, contributing still more to the world economy. And as World Bank Vice President Justin Yifu Lin has estimated, the global economy will grow by 2.7% this year and 30% of that growth will come from China if it sustains an 8% growth rate.

在全球化的大背景下，國際貿易是全球經濟增長的助推器。1978年，中國進出口貿易總額爲206億美元，佔世界貿易比重僅爲 0.8%;2019年，中國對外貿易額達到2.56萬億美元，佔世界貿易的7.9%。2019年，由於受國際金融危機的影響，中國對外貿易額下降至2.2 萬億美元，但在世界貿易總額中的比重，卻由2019年的7.9%提高到9%，成爲世界第一大出口國和第二大進口國，對外貿易總量居世界第二。世貿組織發佈的《2019年世界貿易報告》認爲，中國正成爲全球貿易增長的引擎。

In 1978, China's trade was 20.6 billion US dollars or 0.8% of the world's total, these figures had grown in 2019 to 2.56 trillion and 7.9%. However, as a result of the financial crisis, China's trade dropped to 2.2 trillion US dollars in 2019, although accounting for 9% of that year's world total, making China the world's largest exporter and second largest importer. According to the World Trade Report 2019 by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), China is becoming the engine driving trade growth globally.

第二、中國是危機時刻負責任、可信賴的夥伴。1997年，亞洲金融危機爆發，當時，全世界幾乎異口同聲地宣稱：人民幣應當貶值，否則中國經濟將面臨滅頂之災。然而，政府經過多方面權衡，本着高度負責的態度，從維護本地區穩定和發展的大局出發，做出人民幣不貶值的決定，承受了巨大壓力，付出了很大代價。此舉對亞洲乃至世界金融、經濟的穩定和發展起到了重要作用。

Secondly, China is a reliable partner in times of crisis. During the 1997 Asian financial crisis, many were expecting the RMB to depreciate or the Chinese economy would be ruined. China decided to keep the value of the RMB as it was. This decision put China under huge pressure for which it has paid a price. It did however help to uphold the financial and economic stability and development in Asia and the world.

2019年，國際金融危機爆發，中國首先努力做好自己的事情，及時調整了宏觀經濟政策，果斷實施積極的財政政策和適度寬鬆的貨幣政策，出臺了旨在進一步擴大內需、促進經濟增長的一攬子計劃。同時，中國積極倡導國際合作，提出了國際社會攜手應對、共克時艱的理念;加強與主要經濟體宏觀經濟政策的協調;積極參與二十國集團峯會進程;堅決反對貿易保護主義，維護世界自由貿易體系;積極加強雙邊、區域和多邊經貿合作，組織大型採購團赴海外採購;中國還承諾購買不超過500億美元的國際貨幣基金組織債券。中國在國際社會應對金融危機的過程中，扮演了重要角色，發揮了建設性作用。

In 2019 when the international financial crisis broke out, China made timely adjustments to its macroeconomic policy, quickly putting together a stimulus package aimed at expanding domestic demands and stimulating economic growth. China also called on countries to weather the storm together. We strengthened macro policy coordination with other leading economies and took an active part in the G20 summits. China called for free trade and intensified business cooperation bilaterally, regionally and multilaterally, through sending buying missions overseas, among others. China also committed itself to buying up to 50 billion US dollars in International Monetary Fund (IMF) bonds.

不久前，歐洲一些國家出現主權債務危機，中國堅定支持歐元區和國際貨幣基金組織聯手啓動救援機制。中國沒有拋售歐元資產，給歐元以巨大支持。就在本月，中國國務院副總理張德江訪問了希臘，兩國企業簽署了14項商業協議，包括中方在希臘建造幹散貨船，開發賓館和購物中心，建設機場、物流中心和海洋主題公園，進口希臘生產的橄欖油等，協議總額近100億歐元。這對希臘來說無疑是雪中送炭。同樣是本月，中國與冰島簽署了金額爲35億元人民幣(約合5億美元)的雙邊本幣互換協議，這既有利於中冰雙邊貿易，也有助於冰島經濟復甦。

During the recent European sovereign debt crisis, China stood firmly behind the Euro Zone and the IMF as they worked together to launch an aid plan, by not selling its Euro assets. And during a recent visit to Greece, the Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang took with him 14 much-needed agreements worth nearly 10 billion Euros. These ranged from the construction of bulk cargo ships, airport facilities, a logistic hub and an ocean park, to the purchase of olive oil. This month has also seen China signing a bilateral currency swap agreement with Iceland, worth about 500 million US dollars to facilitate bilateral trade and to help with the economic recovery of Iceland.

就在一週前，鑑於當前全球經濟逐步復甦，中國經濟回升向好的基礎進一步鞏固及經濟運行趨於平穩，中國宣佈進一步推進人民幣匯率形成機制改 革，增強人民幣匯率彈性。此舉受到國際社會的普遍歡迎。

Just a week ago, China announced further steps to reform the RMB exchange rate regime and enhance the RMB's exchange rate flexibility, as the world economy improves and China's economic recovery is on a solid footing.

第三，中國是國際金融體系改革的堅定推動者。國際金融危機的爆發和蔓延，充分暴露了國際金融體系的諸多缺陷與弊端，同時也強有力地表明瞭國際金融體系改革的必要性和緊迫性。中國支持二十國集團領導人峯會成爲國際社會共同應對國際金融危機、加強國際經濟合作的重要和有效平臺。在2019年美國華盛頓召開的二十國集團領導人首次金融峯會上，中國xx胡先生提出堅持全面性、均衡性、漸進性、實效性的原則，推動國際金融體系改革朝着公平、公正、包容、有序方向發展，營造有利於世界經濟健康發展的制度環境。此後，無論是倫敦峯會、匹茲堡峯會還是上週末舉行的多倫多峯會，中國都堅定地主張加快國際金融機構改革，加強國際金融監管。

Thirdly, China stands for the reform of the international financial system. The recent financial crisis has laid bare many deficiencies in the international financial system. China supports the G20 summit's role as a major and effective platform for international efforts to tackle the financial crisis and step up economic cooperation. President Hu Jintao proposed, at the Washington G20 summit in 2019, an all-round, balanced, incremental and result-oriented approach to move the reforms in a more equitable, inclusive and well-managed direction. At more recent summits in London, Pittsburgh and last weekend in Toronto, China called for the speeding up of reform to the international financial institutions (IFIs) and for tougher financial regulation.

中國通過“金磚四國”領導人會談、中非合作論壇等平臺，增進新興市場國家和發展中國家在改革國際金融體系問題上的共識，推動提高發展中國家在國際金融機構中的代表性和發言權，共同促進國際金融體系的變革。中國積極主張完善國際貨幣體系，健全儲備貨幣發行調控機制，保持主要儲備貨幣匯率相對穩定，促進國際貨幣體系多元化、合理化。

China has worked for more agreement among the emerging markets and developing countries on the reforms to increase the representation for developing countries in the IFI's. China calls for the improvement of the international monetary system and the reserve currency issuing regime, along with the stabilisation of the exchange rates of major reserve currencies.

第四、中國是綠色和低碳經濟的帶頭實踐者。金融危機後，世界經濟正在尋找新的增長點，面臨新的轉型，新能源革命和低碳經濟是一個重要趨勢。政府高度重視發展綠色經濟與應對氣候變化，我們從自身實際出發，借鑑國際經驗，把可持續發展作爲國家戰略，把建設資源節約型、環境友好型社會作爲重大任務，把節能減排作爲國民經濟和社會發展的約束性指標，公佈了應對氣候變化的國家方案。政府向國際社會莊重承諾：到2020年中國單位國內生產總值二氧化碳排放比2019年下降40%—45%。中國正大力發展水電、核電、太陽能和風電，不少項目的規模已經處於世界第一。我們的目標是到2020年，非化石能源佔一次能源消費的比重要達到15%左右，這一數字與歐盟20%的目標相接近。中國也提出到2020年使森林面積比2019年增加4000萬公頃，這是英國的國土面積的1.6倍。

Fourth, China leads international efforts for a green and low-carbon economy. The Chinese government places high importance on growing the green economy and addressing climate challenges based on our national conditions and also drawing upon international experience on sustainable development. We have given priority to building an energy-conserving and environment-friendly society, and we are making energy conservation and emissions control part of our mandatory economic and social development targets. We are pledging as part of our National Climate Change Program, to cut energy intensity by 40-45% by 2020 against the 2019 level. China is also developing its hydro, nuclear, solar and wind power generation schemes in a massive scale. And we expect to increase the proportion of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 15% by 2020. We have also proposed to increase forest coverage by 40 million hectares or approximately 1.6 times the size of Britain by 2020 against 2019 levels.

綜上所述，中國在世界經濟的增長、穩定、改革和轉型等方面，都發揮着不可或缺的作用，中國已成爲促進世界繁榮的積極和重要力量。

當然，我們剛纔計算中國的經濟數字時，使用的都是總量，如果將這些數字除以中國13多億的人口，就會得到另一組截然不同的數字。比如，2019年中國人均GDP僅有3600多美元，排名居世界第100位，屬於中低收入國家;中國人均貿易額只有1600美元左右，低於世界平均3700 多美元，僅爲英國的1/5。此外，中國13億人口中，仍有7億多農村人口;按照聯合國每人每天1美元的貧困線標準，中國仍有1.5億貧困人口;中國城鄉、地區發展也很不平衡，東部和西部的人均GDP差距在3倍以上。這就是中國的基本國情，中國既大又小，既強又弱;中國正在發展，但任重而道遠。這如同一枚硬幣的兩個面。

Any understanding of the nature of China's economic development would not be complete without a look at the other side of the story. All the economic figures I have outlined will be much less impressive once they are divided by our 1.3 billion population. For instance, China's per capita GDP in 2019 was only 3,600 US dollars, ranking behind Albania to be the 100th in the world; its per capita trade value stood at 1,600 US dollars, much lower than the world average of 3,700 US dollars, and one fifth of that of Britain. Out of the 1.3 billion people in China, 700 million live in the poor countryside; with 150 million living under 1 dollar a day, the poverty line set by UN. China also faces the huge challenge of serious income disparity between regions and between urban and rural areas. This is the fact we face: China is both big and small, strong and weak; it is developing and this process is going to be long and tortuous.

女士們、先生們，

Ladies and Gentlemen,

中國的發展，有利於世界，也有利於英國。近年來，在中英兩國政府的積極推動下，雙邊經貿合作不斷深化，成效顯著。英國目前是中國在歐盟內第三大貿易伙伴、最大的投資來源地和主要投資目的國，中國是英國在歐盟外第二大貿易伙伴。儘管2019年中英雙邊貿易受到金融危機影響有所下滑，但今年1至 4月，中英貨物貿易恢復強勁增長，貿易總額達138.1億美元，同比增長29.8%。

China's development is in the interest of the UK. Thanks to the efforts of both our sides, our business cooperation has made much progress in recent years. The UK is China's third largest trade partner, the largest investor and a leading investment destination in the EU. China is the second largest trade partner of the UK outside the EU and despite a drop in our trade in 2019 due to the crisis, trade in goods has quickly picked up in the first 4 months of this year, hitting 13.81 billion US dollars, an increase of 29.8%.

我此次來英格蘭中部和西北部地區考察，行程總共800多英里，主要目的是實地瞭解英國的經濟特色和產業優勢，特別是瞭解英國的高端製造業和新能源技術。通過考察，我深刻認識到中英兩國經濟存在很大的互補性，雙方合作空間巨大，前景廣闊。我認爲，進一步發展中英經貿合作，需要從以下三個方面着手：

My trip to the English midlands and north western has taken me on an 800-mile journey, and has helped me to understand the distinct features and strong sectors of the British economy, in particular high-end manufacturing and new energy technologies. My impression is that our economies have a lot to offer each other and our cooperation can flourish. To achieve this, I would suggest:

一是要深挖合作潛力。雙方要在大項目上尋求突破，比如，中國正在開展“大飛機”項目，英國要修建縱貫南北的高速鐵路，雙方可探討合作的可能性。雙方還要在前沿領域打造亮點。英國是低碳經濟的最早倡導者，擁有較多成熟的新能源技術和環境技術，但自身市場容量有限。中國正在轉變經濟增長方式，走節能減排新興工業化道路，建設資源節約型、環境友好型社會，對技術的需求巨大。中方歡迎英方將高新技術投入到中國的巨大市場，實現科技成果的產業化和商業化。

Firstly, further tap the potential for cooperation. Both sides need to identify major projects where cooperation may be possible. For example, China is working on the "Jumbo Jet" project while the UK is planning to build a high-speed railway linking its north and south. While the UK is a frontrunner as a low-carbon economy which possesses mature new energy and environmental technologies, its market is not big enough. China is embarking on a new way of industrialisation that conserves energy and properly controls emission. The vast Chinese market is exactly where the UK can put its scientific achievements and knowledge to good use.

二是要擴大合作主體。雙方不僅要着眼大企業、大項目，更要大力促進中小企業合作。中、英中小企業數量均佔企業總量的99%以上，對GDP的貢獻都在一半以上。英國的中小企業生產效率高，產品科技含量大，設計創新能力強，組織管理工作出色。中國中小企業多爲勞動密集型企業，市場反應靈敏，生產供貨速度快，近年一些科技型中小企業亦正在興起。中英兩國政府部門和行業組織應加大努力，幫助兩國中小企業克服語言、信息和人才障礙，更好地實現雙方能力和需求的順利對接、技術和生產的有效配合。

Secondly, expand cooperation at all levels. With SME's accounting for over 99% of all businesses in China and Britain, and contributing over half of our total GDP, they are therefore key to the success of future growth between us. British SMEs being generally well-run and known for their productivity, advanced technology and innovation, while in recent years we have seen a rise in the number of technology-based SMEs in China. These tend to be labour-intensive, but highly responsive to market demands. The two sides need to work harder to help and support SMEs, by removing obstacles such as language and lack of information, to translate our mutual needs into effective cooperation.

三是要改善合作環境。要加強宣傳推介，特別是利用上海世博會、倫敦奧運會這樣的重大平臺，介紹自己的產業優勢。要創造有利於技術輸出的市場環境，特別是加大知識產權保護，使將技術視爲命根子的企業放心地輸出最新、最好的技術，並獲得滿意的回報。要加大金融支持雙邊貿易的力度，特別是加大信貸支持力度，拓寬企業直接融資渠道。

Thirdly, improve the environment for cooperation. We need to foster a market environment that facilitates technology transfer through better protection for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), to ensure companies are confident when sharing their latest and best technologies. We also need to provide better financial services to support trade, especially by lending more and providing businesses with more financial support.

女士們、先生們，

Ladies and Gentlemen,

我高興地看到，英國新政府致力於發展“更緊密的英中關係”，兩國高層交往密切，互動頻繁。就在前天，xx和卡梅倫首相在G20多倫多峯會期間進行了富有成果的會晤。xx在會晤中指出，“中方把英國看作重要的國際合作夥伴。中英在推動世界經濟全面復甦、應對全球性挑戰方面具有廣泛共同利益。”兩國領導人達成的這些重要共識，對推動下階段中英關係的發展具有重要意義。同時，上海世博會極大地促進了兩國經貿、金融和文化等各領域合作，增進了兩國人民之間的瞭解。可以說，新時期中英關係起步良好，正在等待我們加大油門。

I am happy to see that the new British government is committed to closer engagement with China. President Hu and Prime Minster Cameron had a good meeting in Toronto the day before yesterday, coming to agreement on a number of important issues, which is crucial to continued development of our relations. Just as President Hu stressed in his meeting with Prime Minister Cameron that "China sees the UK as an important global partner", "the two countries share extensive common interests in facilitating global recovery and meeting global challenges. This requires us to take a long-term and strategic view when making plans for our relations, so that we can ensure that our cooperation will better serve our people." The ongoing World Expo has significantly boosted our business, financial and cultural cooperation and has enhanced the mutual understanding of our peoples. It is fair to say that our relationships are off to a good start, all we need to do now is to step on the accelerator.

狄更斯在其名著《遠大前程》裏寫道，“我發現了一個真理，機會不會掉到我們身上，我們必須去尋找機會” (I find the truth to be that an opening won't come to one, but one must go to it.)。讓我們共同努力，尋找機會，抓住機遇，推動兩國經貿合作不斷深入，促進中英關係不斷髮展。

As Charles Dickens wrote in Great Expectations, "I find the truth to be that an opening won't come to one, but one must go to it". Let us work together, find the openings, seize the opportunities and move forward our business cooperation, bilateral relations and friendship.

謝謝!

Thank you.