奧巴馬在韓國外國語大學的演講稿【雙語版】

thank you. (applause.) thank you so much. thank you. (applause.) please, thank you very much.

to president park, faculty, staff and students, thank you so much for this very warm welcome. it is a great honor to be here at hankuk university of foreign studies. (applause.) i want to thank dr. park for, a few moments ago, making me an honorary alumni of the university. (applause.)

i know that this school has one of the world’s finest foreign language programs -- which means that your english is much better than my korean. (laughter.) all i can say is, kamsa hamnida. (applause.)

now, this is my third visit to the republic of korea as president. i've now been to seoul more times than any other capital -- except for washington, d.c., of course. this reflects the extraordinary bonds between our two countries and our commitment to each other. i’m pleased that we’re joined by so many leaders here today, koreans and americans, who help keep us free and strong and prosperous every day. that includes our first korean-american ambassador to the republic of korea -- ambassador sung kim. (applause.)

i’ve seen the deep connections between our peoples in my own life -- among friends, colleagues. i’ve seen it so many patriotic korean americans, including a man born in this city of seoul, who came to america and has dedicated his life to lifting up the poor and sick of the world. and last week i was proud to nominate him to lead the world bank -- dr. jim yong kim. (applause.)

i’ve also seen the bonds in our men and women in uniform, like the american and korean troops i visited yesterday along the dmz -- freedom’s frontier. and we salute their service and are very grateful for them. we honor all those who have given their lives in our defense, including the 46 brave souls who perished aboard the cheonan two years ago today. and in their memory we reaffirm the enduring promise at the core of our alliance -- we stand together, and the commitment of the united states to the defense and the security of the republic of korea will never waver. (applause.)

most of all, i see the strength of our alliance in all of you. for decades, this school has produced leaders -- public servants, diplomats, businesspeople -- who’ve helped propel the modern miracle that is korea-- transforming it from crushing poverty to one of the world’s most dynamic economies; from authoritarianism to a thriving democracy; from a country focused inward to a leader for security and prosperity not only in this region but also around the world -- a truly “global korea.”

so to all the students here today, this is the korea your generation will inherit. and i believe there's no limits to what our two nations can achieve together. for like your parents and grandparents before you, you know that the future is what we make of it. and you know that in our digital age, we can connect and innovate across borders like never before -- with your smart phones and twitter and me2day and kakao talk. (laughter and applause.) it’s no wonder so many people around the world have caught the korean wave, hallyu. (applause.)

or consider this: in advance of my visit, our embassy invited koreans to send us your questions using social media. some of you may have sent questions. and they called it, "ask president obama." now, one of you -- maybe it was you, maybe it was somebody else -- this is true -- asked this question: “have you posted, yourself, a supportive opinion on a website under a disguised name, pretending you are one of the supporters of president obama?” (laughter.) i hadn’t thought of this. (laughter.) but the truth is i have not done this. maybe my daughters have. (laughter.) but i haven’t done that myself.

so our shared future -- and the unprecedented opportunity to meet shared challenges together -- is what brings me to seoul. over the next two days, under president lee’s leadership, we’ll move ahead with the urgent work of preventing nuclear terrorism by securing the world’s nuclear materials. this is an important part of the broader, comprehensive agenda that i want to talk with you about today -- our vision of a world without nuclear weapons.

three years ago, i traveled to prague and i declared america’s commitment to stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and to seeking a world without them. i said i knew that this goal would not be reached quickly, perhaps not in my lifetime, but i knew we had to begin, with concrete steps. and in your generation, i see the spirit we need in this endeavor -- an optimism that beats in the hearts of so many young people around the world. it’s that refusal to accept the world as it is, the imagination to see the world as it ought to be, and the courage to turn that vision into reality. so today, with you, i want to take stock of our journey and chart our next steps.

here in seoul, more than 50 nations will mark our progress toward the goal we set at the summit i hosted two years ago in washington -- securing the world’s vulnerable nuclear materials in four years so that they never fall into the hands of terrorists. and since then, nations -- including the united states -- have boosted security at nuclear facilities.

south korea, japan, pakistan and others are building new centers to improve nuclear security and training. nations like kazakhstan have moved nuclear materials to more secure locations. mexico, and just yesterday ukraine, have joined the ranks of nations that have removed all the highly enriched uranium from their territory. all told, thousands of pounds of nuclear material have been removed from vulnerable sites around the world. this was deadly material that is now secure and can now never be used against a city like seoul.

we’re also using every tool at our disposal to break up black markets and nuclear material. countries like georgia and moldova have seized highly enriched uranium from smugglers. and countries like jordan are building their own counter-smuggling teams, and we’re tying them together in a global network of intelligence and law enforcement. nearly 20 nations have now ratified the treaties and international partnerships that are at the center of our efforts. and i should add that with the death of osama bin laden and the major blows that we’ve struck against al qaeda, a terrorist organization that has actively sought nuclear weapons is now on the path to defeat.

so in short, the international community has made it harder than ever for terrorists to acquire nuclear weapons, and that has made us all safer. we’re building an international architecture that can ensure nuclear safety. but we’re under no illusions. we know that nuclear material, enough for many weapons, is still being stored without adequate protection. and we know that terrorists and criminal gangs are still trying to get their hands on it -- as well as radioactive material for a dirty bomb. we know that just the smallest amount of plutonium -- about the size of an apple -- could kill hundreds of thousands and spark a global crisis. the danger of nuclear terrorism remains one of the greatest threats to global security.

and that's why here in seoul, we need to keep at it. and i believe we will. we’re expecting dozens of nations to announce over the next several days that they’ve fulfilled the promises they made two years ago. and we’re now expecting more commitments -- tangible, concrete action -- to secure nuclear materials and, in some cases, remove them completely. this is the serious, sustained global effort that we need, and it's an example of more nations bearing the responsibility and the costs of meeting global challenges. this is how the international community should work in the 21st century. and korea is one of the key leaders in this process.

the united states will continue to do our part -- securing our own material and helping others protect theirs. we’re moving forward with russia to eliminate enough plutonium for about 17,000 nuclear weapons and turn it instead into electricity. i can announce today a new agreement by the united states and several european partners toward sustaining the supply of medical isotopes that are used to treat cancer and heart disease without the use of highly enriched uranium. and we will work with industry and hospitals and research centers in the united states and around the world, to recover thousands of unneeded radiological materials so that they can never do us harm.

now, american leadership has been essential to progress in a second area -- taking concrete steps towards a world without nuclear weapons. as a party to the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, this is our obligation, and it’s one that i take very seriously. but i believe the united states has a unique responsibility to act -- indeed, we have a moral obligation. i say this as president of the only nation ever to use nuclear weapons. i say it as a commander-in-chief who knows that our nuclear codes are never far from my side. most of all, i say it as a father, who wants my two young daughters to grow up in a world where everything they know and love can’t be instantly wiped out.

over the past three years, we’ve made important progress. with russia, we’re now reducing our arsenal under the new start treaty -- the most comprehensive arms control agreement in nearly 20 years. and when we’re done, we will have cut american and russian deployed nuclear warheads to their lowest levels since the 1950s.

as president, i changed our nuclear posture to reduce the number and role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy. i made it clear that the united states will not develop new nuclear warheads. and we will not pursue new military missions for nuclear weapons. we’ve narrowed the range of contingencies under which we would ever use or threaten to use nuclear weapons. at the same time, i’ve made it clear that so long as nuclear weapons exist, we’ll work with our congress to maintain a safe, secure and effective arsenal that guarantees the defense not only of the united states but also our allies -- including south korea and japan.

my administration’s nuclear posture recognizes that the massive nuclear arsenal we inherited from the cold war is poorly suited to today’s threats, including nuclear terrorism. so last summer, i directed my national security team to conduct a comprehensive study of our nuclear forces. that study is still underway. but even as we have more work to do, we can already say with confidence that we have more nuclear weapons than we need. even after new start, the united states will still have more than 1,500 deployed nuclear weapons, and some 5,000 warheads.

i firmly believe that we can ensure the security of the united states and our allies, maintain a strong deterrent against any threat, and still pursue further reductions in our nuclear arsenal.

going forward, we’ll continue to seek discussions with russia on a step we have never taken before -- reducing not only our strategic nuclear warheads, but also tactical weapons and warheads in reserve. i look forward to discussing this agenda with president putin when we will meet in may. missile defense will be on the agenda, but i believe this should be an area of cooperation, not tension. and i’m confident that, working together, we can continue to make progress and reduce our nuclear stockpiles. of course, we’ll consult closely with our allies every step of the way, because the security and defense of our allies, both in europe and asia, is not negotiable.

here in asia, we've urged china -- with its growing nuclear arsenal -- to join us in a dialogue on nuclear issues. that offer remains open. and more broadly, my administration will continue to pursue ratification of the comprehensive test ban treaty. and after years of delay, it’s time to find a path forward on a new treaty that verifiably ends the production of fissile materials for nuclear weapons -- ends it once and for all.

by working to meet our responsibilities as a nuclear power, we’ve made progress in a third area -- strengthening the global regime that prevents the spread of nuclear weapons. when i came into office, the cornerstone of the world’s effort -- which is the nuclear non-proliferation treaty -- was fraying. iran had started spinning thousands of centrifuges. north korea conducted another nuclear test. and the international community was largely divided on how to respond.

over the past three years, we have begun to reverse that dynamic. working with others, we’ve enhanced the global partnership that prevent proliferation. the international atomic energy agency is now conducting the strongest inspections ever. and we’ve upheld the basic bargain of the npt: countries with nuclear weapons, like the united states and russia, will move towards disarmament; countries without nuclear weapons will not acquire them; and all countries can have access to peaceful nuclear energy.

because of these efforts, the international community is more united and nations that attempt to flout their obligations are more isolated. of course, that includes north korea.

here in korea, i want to speak directly to the leaders in pyongyang. the united states has no hostile intent toward your country. we are committed to peace. and we are prepared to take steps to improve relations, which is why we have offered nutritional aid to north korean mothers and children.

but by now it should be clear, your provocations and pursuit of nuclear weapons have not achieved the security you seek; they have undermined it. instead of the dignity you desire, you're more isolated. instead of earning the respect of the world, you've been met with strong sanctions and condemnation. you can continue down the road you are on, but we know where that leads. it leads to more of the same -- more broken dreams, more isolation, ever more distance between the people of north korea and the dignity and the opportunity that they deserve.

and know this: there will be no rewards for provocations. those days are over. to the leaders of pyongyang i say, this is the choice before you. this is the decision that you must make. today we say, pyongyang, have the courage to pursue peace and give a better life to the people of north korea. (applause.)

this same principle applies with respect to iran. under the npt, iran has the right to peaceful nuclear energy. in fact, time and again the international community -- including the united states -- has offered to help iran develop nuclear energy peacefully. but time and again iran has refused, instead taking the path of denial, deceit and deception. and that is why iran also stands alone, as the only member of the npt unable to convince the international community that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes -- the only member. that’s why the world has imposed unprecedented sanctions, slowing iran’s nuclear program.

the international community is now poised to enter talks with iran’s leaders. once again, there is the possibility of a diplomatic resolution that gives iran access to peaceful nuclear energy while addressing the concerns of the international community. today, i’ll meet with the leaders of russia and china as we work to achieve a resolution in which iran fulfills its obligations.

there is time to solve this diplomatically. it is always my preference to solve these issues diplomatically. but time is short. iran’s leaders must understand they, too, face a choice. iran must act with the seriousness and sense of urgency that this moment demands. iran must meet its obligations.

for the global response to iran and north korea’s intransigence, a new international norm is emerging: treaties are binding; rules will be enforced; and violations will have consequences. we refuse to consign ourselves to a future where more and more regimes possess the world’s most deadly weapons.

and this brings me to the final area where we’ve made progress -- a renewed commitment to harnessing the power of the atom not for war, but for peaceful purposes. after the tragedy at fukushima, it was right and appropriate that nations moved to improve the safety and security of nuclear facilities. we’re doing so in the united states. it’s taking place all across the world.

as we do, let’s never forget the astonishing benefits that nuclear technology has brought to our lives. nuclear technology helps make our food safe. it prevents disease in the developing world. it’s the high-tech medicine that treats cancer and finds new cures. and, of course, it’s the energy -- the clean energy that helps cut the carbon pollution that contributes to climate change. here in south korea, as you know, as a leader in nuclear energy, you’ve shown the progress and prosperity that can be achieved when nations embrace peaceful nuclear energy and reject the development of nuclear arms.

and with rising oil prices and a warming climate, nuclear energy will only become more important. that’s why, in the united states, we’ve restarted our nuclear industry as part of a comprehensive strategy to develop every energy source. we supported the first new nuclear power plant in three decades. we’re investing in innovative technologies so we can build the next generation of safe, clean nuclear power plants. and we’re training the next generation of scientists and engineers who are going to unlock new technologies to carry us forward.

one of the great challenges they’ll face and that your generation will face is the fuel cycle itself in producing nuclear energy. we all know the problem: the very process that gives us nuclear energy can also put nations and terrorists within the reach of nuclear weapons. we simply can’t go on accumulating huge amounts of the very material, like separated plutonium, that we’re trying to keep away from terrorists.

and that’s why we’re creating new fuel banks, to help countries realize the energy they seek without increasing the nuclear dangers that we fear. that’s why i’ve called for a new framework for civil nuclear cooperation. we need an international commitment to unlocking the fuel cycle of the future. in the united states we’re investing in the research and development of new fuel cycles so that dangerous materials can’t be stolen or diverted. and today i urge nations to join us in seeking a future where we harness the awesome power of the atom to build and not to destroy.

in this sense, we see how the efforts i’ve described today reinforce each other. when we enhance nuclear security, we’re in a stronger position to harness safe, clean nuclear energy. when we develop new, safer approaches to nuclear energy, we reduce the risk of nuclear terrorism and proliferation. when nations, including my own, fulfill our responsibilities, it strengthens our ability to ensure that other nations fulfill their responsibilities. and step by step, we come closer to the security and peace of a world without nuclear weapons.

i know that there are those who deride our vision. there are those who say ours is an impossible goal that will be forever out of reach. but to anyone who doubts the great progress that is possible, i tell them, come to korea. come to this country, which rose from the ashes of war -- (applause) -- a country that rose from the ashes of war, turning rubble into gleaming cities. stand where i stood yesterday, along a border that is the world’s clearest contrast between a country committed to progress, a country committed to its people, and a country that leaves its own citizens to starve.

come to this great university, where a new generation is taking its place in the world -- (applause) -- helping to create opportunities that your parents and grandparents could only imagine. come and see some of the courageous individuals who join us today -- men and women, young and old, born in the north, but who left all they knew behind and risked their lives to find freedom and opportunity here in the south. in your life stories we see the truth -- koreans are one people. and if just given the chance, if given their freedom, koreans in the north are capable of great progress as well. (applause.)

looking out across the dmz yesterday, but also looking into your eyes today, i’m reminded of another country’s experience that speaks to the change that is possible in our world. after a terrible war, a proud people was divided. across a fortified border, armies massed, ready for war. for decades, it was hard to imagine a different future. but the forces of history and hopes of man could not be denied. and today, the people of germany are whole again -- united and free.

no two places follow the same path, but this much is true: the currents of history cannot be held back forever. the deep longing for freedom and dignity will not go away. (applause.) so, too, on this divided peninsula. the day all koreans yearn for will not come easily or without great sacrifice. but make no mistake, it will come. (applause.) and when it does, change will unfold that once seemed impossible. and checkpoints will open and watchtowers will stand empty, and families long separated will finally be reunited. and the korean people, at long last, will be whole and free.

like our vision of a world without nuclear weapons, our vision of a korea that stands as one may not be reached quickly. but from this day until then, and all the days that follow, we take comfort in knowing that the security we seek, the peace we want, is closer at hand because of the great alliance between the united states and the republic of korea -- (applause) -- and because we stand for the dignity and freedom of all koreans. (applause.) and no matter the test, no matter the trial, we stand together. we work together. we go together. (applause.)

katchi kapshida!

thank you very much. (applause.)

奧巴馬總統：謝謝你們。(掌聲)非常感謝。謝謝。(掌聲)非常感謝。

樸(park)校長、教職員工和同學們，非常感謝你們這麼熱情的歡迎。來到韓國外國語大學(hankuk university of foreign studies)令我深感榮幸。(掌聲)我要感謝樸博士剛纔宣佈我爲貴校的榮譽校友。

我知道貴校擁有世界上最好的外語學習項目之一，這就是說你們的英語比我的韓語要好得多。(笑聲)我只能說kamsa hamnida(韓文，意爲“謝謝”)。(掌聲)

這是我作爲總統對大韓民國的第三次訪問。我到訪首爾的次數超過了訪問任何其他國家首都的次數——當然除了華盛頓以外。這體現了我們兩國之間不同尋常的關係和相互支持。我非常高興，今天有如此衆多的使我們每天享有自由、強大和繁榮的韓美領導人在座，其中包括我國首次由美國韓裔擔任的駐韓大使——金成(sung kim)大使。(掌聲)

我在自己的生活中看到了我們兩國人民之間根深葉茂的聯繫——在朋友和同事中間。我看到，有如此多的愛國的美國韓裔——包括一個出生在首爾市的人—— 到美國後畢生致力於幫助世界上的窮人和病人擺脫困境。上個星期，我榮幸地提名他爲世界銀行(world bank)行長——金辰勇(jim yong kim)博士。(掌聲)

我還看到了我們兩國身着軍裝的男女軍人之間的紐帶，我昨天在被稱爲自由前沿(freedom’s frontier)的非軍事區(dmz)所訪問的美韓部隊就是這樣。他們爲國效力，我們向他們致敬，並向他們表示深切的感謝。我向所有爲保衛我們而捐軀的軍人表示敬意，包括兩年前的今天在“天安”號(cheonan)上逝去的46個英魂。爲了紀念他們，我們重申作爲兩國同盟的核心的持久承諾——我們站在一起，我們對大韓民國的防衛與安全所作的承諾永不動搖。(掌聲)

最重要的是，我們從你們大家身上看到了兩國同盟的力量。數十年來，貴校培養了各方面的領軍人物——爲推動韓國這一現代奇蹟向前邁進而作出貢獻的公務員、外交人員和工商界人士，他們把韓國從一個極度貧窮的國家變成世界上最有活力的經濟體之一，把它從一個專制國家變成一個欣欣向榮的民主國家，從一個僅關注自身的內向國家變成一個帶頭維護本地區乃至全世界安全與繁榮的國家——一個真正的“全球韓國”。

因此，我要對今天所有在座的學生們說，這就是你們這一代人將要傳承的韓國。我相信，我們兩國可以共同做到的事是沒有限度的。就像你們的父輩和祖輩，你們也知道未來是靠我們自己來創造的。你們知道，在我們這個數字化時代，我們能夠做到從未做過的，通過你們的智能電話、推特、me2day(韓國提供微博服務的網站-譯註)和kakao talk(一種通訊應用程序-譯註)，穿越國境進行聯繫和開展創新。(笑聲和掌聲)難怪世界上有這麼多人着迷於韓流，hallyu。(掌聲)

再考慮一下這一點：在我到訪前，我國大使館邀請韓國人通過社會媒體向我們提出你們的問題。你們有些人可能已經發送了問題。他們將此稱爲，“問一問歐巴馬總統”。你們當中有一個人——或許是你，或許是別人——這是真的——問了這麼一個問題：“你本人有沒有假裝成歐巴馬總統的一個擁護者，在某個網站上用假名貼出表達支持歐巴馬總統意見的帖子?”(笑聲)我沒有想到過要這麼做。(笑聲)事實是，我沒有這麼做過。也許我的女兒們這麼做了。(笑聲)但我自己沒這麼做過。

因此，我們共同的未來，以及我們一道應對共同挑戰的前所未有的機會，是我前來首爾的目的。在今後兩天裏，在李(lee)總統的主持下，我們將開展一項緊急工作，通過確保全世界核材料的安全來防止核恐怖主義。這是我今天想跟你們談一談的更廣泛、更全面的議程的一個重要部分——我們關於一個沒有核武器的世界的願景。

三年前，我前往布拉格(prague)，宣佈美國承諾制止核武器擴散，尋求一個無核武器的世界。我當時說我知道這個目標不可能很快實現，也許在我的有生之年沒有可能，但我知道我們必須開始行動，並採取具體步驟。在你們這一代，我看到我們作出這一努力所需要的精神——洋溢在全世界各地如此多的年輕人心中的樂觀情緒。這就是不甘於世界的現狀，要求實現世界應有狀態的想象力和讓這一願望轉變爲現實的勇氣。所以，今天，我想與你們一起確定我們的歷程並規劃下一步行動。

在漢城，爲了實現兩年前我們在華盛頓由我主持華盛頓峯會期間制定的目標，50多個國家將取得我們的進展。預定的目標要求在4年內保障全世界危險的核材料的安全，永遠不使這些材料落入恐怖主義分子之手。從那時起，各國——包括美國在內——都增強了核設施的安全。

韓國、日本、巴基斯坦等國正在建設新的中心，加強核安全和訓練。例如薩克斯坦等國已經把核材料轉移到更安全的地方。墨西哥已和其他國家一起從本國國土上消除所有的高濃縮鈾。昨天烏克蘭也加入了這個行列。總而言之，數千磅核材料已從全世界安全環節薄弱的設施被消除。這些都是致命的材料，如今已有保障，再也不會被用於襲擊像首爾這樣的城市。

我們還利用我們所掌握的每一個工具，打擊黑市和核材料走私。格魯吉亞和摩爾多瓦等國已從走私犯手中截獲了高濃縮鈾。約旦等國家正在建立自己的反走私隊伍，我們把他們聯合起來組成一個情報和執法的全​​球網絡。近20個國家已經批准了作爲我們核心工作的條約和國際合作夥伴關係。我要補充說，在我們擊斃烏薩馬·本·拉登(osama bin laden)並重創基地組織後，這個妄圖尋求核武器的恐怖主義組織正在走向毀滅。

因此，簡言之，國際社會已經比以往任何時候都讓恐怖主義分子更難獲取核武器，使我們大家更安全。我們正在建立一個可以確保核安全的國際架構。但我們並不心存幻想。我們知道，足以製造許多武器的核材料仍然儲藏在缺乏足夠保護的地方。我們知道，恐怖主義分子和犯罪團伙仍有覬覦之心——還包括製作髒彈的放射性材料。我們知道，數量很少的一點點鈈——約一個蘋果大小——就可以殺死成千上萬的人，並引發一場全球性危機。核恐怖主義的危險仍然是對全球安全最大的威脅之一。

這就是爲什麼我們需要在首爾再接再厲。而且我相信我們能做到。我們期待着幾十個國家在未來幾天宣佈，他們已經完成了他們兩年前作出的承諾。現在，我們正期待更多的承諾——切實的具體行動——保障核材料的安全，在有些情況下完全消除核材料。這是我們需要進行的認真和持續的全球性努力。這是更多的國家爲應對全球性挑戰承擔責任和代價的一個範例。這說明國際社會在21世紀應該如何工作。韓國是這個過程的主導力量之一。

美國將繼續盡我們的職責——保護我們自己的核材料，也幫助他人保護他們的核材料。我們正在與俄羅斯一起努力，銷燬足以製造約17,000件核武器的鈈，使其轉換爲電能。我今天可以宣佈，美國和幾個歐洲合作伙伴已達成的新協議，保障治療癌症和心臟病的醫用同位素的供應，不再使用高濃縮鈾。我們將與美國和全世界有關行業、醫院和研究中心共同努力，回收數千項不需要的放射性材料，使它們不能危害我們。

美國的領導地位對於在第二個領域取得進步是必不可少的——採取具體措施實現無核武器的世界。作爲《不擴散核武器條約》(nuclear nonproliferation treaty)的締約國，這是我們的義務，是一個我非常認真地對待的義務。我相信美國有獨特的責任採取行動——事實上，我們有道德的義務。我這樣說，作爲有史以來唯一使用過核武器的國家的總統。我這樣說，作爲一名總司令，我知道我們的核武器密碼從來沒有遠離過我的身旁。最重要的是，我這樣說，也作爲一位父親，他希望自己兩個年幼的女兒，能夠在一個她們所熟悉和喜愛的一切都不會被立即化爲烏有的世界上成長。

過去三年以來，我們取得了重要進展。我們與俄羅斯基於《削減戰略武器新條約》((new start treaty)——這是近20 來最爲全面的軍備控制協議——正在削減我們的核武庫。在完成這一輪削減後，美國和俄羅斯將把核彈頭部署數量減少到自上世紀50年代以來的最低水平。

作爲美國總統，我改變了我們的核武器態勢以減少核武器數量及其在我們的國家安全戰略中的作用。我明確表示，美國將不發展新的核彈頭，我們將不進行有關核武器的新的軍事使命。我們縮小了可能使用或威脅使用核武器的突發事件的範圍。與此同時，我也明確表示，只要核武器還存在一天，我就將與我們的國會共同努力來維持一個安全、有保障並且有效的核武庫，不僅能保衛美國，而且能保衛我們的盟國——包括韓國和日本。

本屆政府的核態勢體現這樣一種認識，即我們從冷戰時期所繼承的巨大的核武庫不能適應包括核恐怖主義在內的當代威脅。因此，去年夏天，我指示我的國家安全班子對我們的的核力量進行全面考察，這項工作仍在進行。但即使仍有許多工作待做，我們已經能夠有把握地說，我們擁有的核武器超出我們的需要。即使在落實《削減戰略武器新條約》以後，美國部署的核武器仍將超過1,500多件並擁有大約5,000枚彈頭。

我堅信，我們能夠在進一步削減我們的核武庫的同時，保障美國和我們盟國的安全，並對任何類型的威脅保持強有力的遏制能力。

展望未來，我們將繼續謀求與俄羅斯討論一個我們從未採取過的步驟——不僅削減我們的戰略核彈頭，而且削減戰術武器和儲備彈頭。我期待着在5月間與普京總統(president putin)會晤時討論這一議題。導彈防禦計劃也將在我們的議程中，但我相信，這應是一個我們共同合作而不是對抗的領域。我有信心，通過共同努力，我們能繼續取得進展並減少我們的核軍備。當然，我們將在前行道路上就每一步驟與我們的盟國密切磋商，因爲我們歐洲和亞洲盟國的安全與防衛是不容討價還價的。

在亞洲這裏，我們已經敦促核軍備日益擴大的中國就核問題加入我們的對話。這一邀請仍然有效。就更廣泛的層面來說，本屆政府將繼續尋求使《全面禁止核試驗條約》(comprehensive test ban treaty)獲得批准。經過多年的拖延，現在是就一項新條約找出前進之路的時候了，新條約將以可驗證的方式終止用於核武器的裂變材料的生產，從而一勞永逸地解決這個問題。

通過努力履行我們作爲一個核大國的責任，我們也在第三個領域取得進展，那就是加強了防止核武器擴散的全球性體制。當我就任總統時，國際努力的根基 ——《不擴散核武器條約》——正在受到侵蝕;伊朗已開始旋轉數百個離心機;北韓又進行了一次核試驗;而國際社會就如何應對局面在很大程度上陷入分歧。

過去三年以來，我們開始逆轉這種態勢。通過與其他國家的合作，我們加強了防止核擴散的全球夥伴合作關係。國際原子能機構(international atomic energy agency)目前正在進行有史以來最爲嚴格的檢查。我們始終堅持《不擴散核武器條約》的基本條件：美國和俄羅斯等擁有核武器的國家將走向核裁軍;尚未擁有核武器的國家將不尋求核武器;所有國家都能和平利用核能。

由於這些努力，國際社會更爲團結一致，試圖無視自身義務的國家更爲孤立，其中當然包括北韓。

在韓國這裏，我想直接對平壤的領導人說，美國對你們的國家沒有敵意。我們致力於和平。我們有準備採取步驟改善關係，正因爲如此，我們向北韓的母親和兒童提供了營養援助。

然而，現在應該已經清楚，你們的挑釁行爲和謀求發展核武器並沒有給你們帶來所希望的安全，而是危及了安全。你們並沒有得到你們渴望的尊嚴，而是變得更孤立。你們沒有贏得世界的尊重，而是受到強烈的制裁和譴責。你們可以繼續沿着你們目前的道路走下去，但是我們知道其歸宿。它只會導致重蹈舊轍——更多破粹的夢想，更多的孤立，北韓人民與他們所應有的尊嚴和機會之間的距離更遙遠。

要知道：挑釁不會有好結果。那些日子已一去不復返。我想奉勸平壤領導人，你們須作出選擇。這是你們必須作出的決定。今天，我們要說：平壤，鼓起勇氣謀求和平，給北韓人民帶來更好的生活。(掌聲)。

同樣的原則也適用於伊朗。根據《不擴散核武器條約》，伊朗有權發展和平用途的核能。事實上，國際社會，包括美國在內，多次提出幫助伊朗和平發展核能。然而，伊朗一再拒絕，並走上一條否認、欺騙和隱瞞的道路。因此，伊朗也陷於孤立，是《不擴散核武器條約》成員中惟一不能讓國際社會相信其核計劃是用於和平目的的國家——惟一的成員。所以，世界才實施了前所未有的制裁，以減緩伊朗的核計劃。

國際社會如今作好準備與伊朗領導人舉行會談。再次有可能通過外交方式 解決問題，使伊朗在就國際社會所關注的問題作出迴響的同時，得到和平的核能源。今天，我將會晤俄羅斯和中國的領導人，我們正在努力達成一項決議，使伊朗履行其義務。

仍然有時間通過外交手段解決問題。我始終更希望以外交手段解決這些問題。然而，時間不多。伊朗領導人必須明白他們也面臨着選擇。伊朗必須識時務地認真而緊迫地採取行動。伊朗必須履行其義務。

面對伊朗和北韓的不妥協，全球正出現新的國際標準：即條約具有約束力，規則將付諸實施，違約將受到制裁。我們拒絕接受一個有越來越多的政權擁有世界上最致命武器的未來。

由此引出我要談的我們已經取得進展的最後一個領域，即重新致力於將原子能用於和平而非戰爭目的。福島(fukushima)悲劇發生後，有關國家採取行動加強核設施的穩定與安全，這是正確和應有的做法。我們在美國也在這麼做。全世界都在這樣做。

與此同時，讓我們不要忘記核技術已爲我們的生活所帶來的巨大好處。核技術使我們的食品安全。它在發展中國家預防疾病。它提供治療癌症和尋求新療法的高技術藥物。當然，它是能源——是清潔的能源，有助於減少導致氣候變化的碳污染。正如你們諸位所知道的，韓國作爲核能源的帶頭國已經顯示出，國家謀求和平運用核能源並拒絕發展核武器所能帶來的進步與繁榮。

隨着油價上漲及氣候變暖，核能只會變得更加重要。這就是爲什麼我們在美國已經重新啓動我們的核工業，把它列爲開發各種能源的全面戰略的內容之一。我們支持了30年來的第一個新建核電廠。我們現在正投資於創新技術以便建立既安全、又清潔的新一代核電廠。我們正在培訓下一代科學家和工程師，他們將利用各種新技術帶領我們前進。

他們以及你們這一代人將會面臨的巨大挑戰之一是在生產核能的過程中燃料自身的循環。我們都知道有這樣一個問題： 爲我們提供核能的程序也有可能讓某些國家和恐怖主義分子易於取得核武器。無論如何，我們不能繼續大量堆積那些我們正想方設法不讓恐怖分子獲得的材料，例如已分離的鈈。

這就是爲什麼我們要創建新的燃料庫，幫助一些國家在不增加我們所擔心的核危險的情況下得到它們尋求獲得的能源。這就是爲什麼我呼籲建立一個新的民用核合作框架。我們需要有一項關於利用未來燃料循環的國際承諾。在美國，我們正投資於研究和開發新型燃料循環，不讓危險的材料被竊取或轉移。今天，我敦促各國與我國共同努力實現一個讓我們將原子的驚人威力用於建設而不用於毀滅的未來。

在這個意義上，我們能看到今天我所闡明的各項努力是怎樣相輔相成的。當我們加強核安全時，我們便處於更穩固的地位去駕馭安全、清潔的核能。當我們開發出獲取核能的新的、更加安全的方法時，我們便減少了核恐怖主義和核擴散的風險。當包括我國在內的各國履行自己的職責時，便加強了我們確保其他國家也履行職責的能力。一步接着一步，我們會越來越接近於實現一個沒有核武器的安全與和平的世界。

我知道有一些人對我們的願景嗤之以鼻。有一些人說我們的願景是一個永遠不可能實現的目標。而我要告訴任何一個對這個有可能實現的偉大進展持懷疑態度的人：請你到韓國來看一看。請你來到這個在戰爭廢墟上重建的國家——(掌聲)——這是一個在戰爭廢墟上重建的國家，它把一堆堆瓦礫變成了一座座光彩奪目的城市。請站在我昨天站過的地方，站在世界上對比最鮮明的邊境線上，一邊是一個致力於發展、致力於爲其人民服務的國家;另一邊是讓本國公民忍飢挨餓的國家。

請來到這所偉大的大學，這裏的新一代人正在這個世界各顯身手——(掌聲)——幫助創造你們的父輩和祖輩可望而不可即的機會。請你來看一看今天在我們中間的那些有勇氣的人士——不分男女、 不分老幼，這些人雖然出生在北方，但他們離鄉背井、冒着生命危險來到南方這裏尋找自由和機會。從你們的人生歷程中，我們看到這樣一個事實：兩韓人民都是同胞。只要給予他們機會，如果賦予他們自由，北韓人同樣有能力取得巨大的進步。(掌聲)

昨天遠眺 “非軍事區”而今天注視着你們的目光，讓我想到了另一個國家的歷程，它展現出我們這個世界有可能產生的變革。在一場可怕的戰爭過後，有尊嚴的一國人民被分隔開來。在戒備森嚴的邊境兩側部署着大批軍隊，戎裝待戰。在長達數十年的時間裏，人們難以想見一種不同的前景。然而，歷史的力量以及人民的希望是不容否定的。今天，德國人民重又成爲一個整體——統一而且自由。

任何兩個地區所走的道路都不會完全相同，但千真萬確的是：歷史的潮流不可阻擋。對自由和尊嚴的深切渴求不會消失。(掌聲)在這個分裂的半島上也是如此。那個朝鮮半島全體人民都向往的日子不會輕易到來，也不會沒有巨大代價。但毋庸置疑的是，這一天終將到來。(掌聲)當它來臨之時，一度看似不可能實現的變革將全面鋪開。哨卡將打開，崗樓將撤空，長期分隔兩地的親人終將團聚。朝鮮半島人民在多年之後終將成爲統一、自由的人民。

正如我們要在全世界消除核武器的願景一樣，我們希望朝鮮半島合而爲一的願景可能無法迅速實現。但從這一天起，一直到那個時刻以及其後的所有日子可以令人感到欣慰的是，我們知道我們所尋求的安全以及我們所向往的和平因爲有美利堅合衆國和大韓民國之間的偉大同盟——(掌聲)——因爲我們誓將捍衛朝鮮半島全體人民的尊嚴和自由而日益接近。(掌聲)無論要面臨什麼樣的考驗，無論要經受什麼樣的磨難，我們都將站在一起。我們都將並肩努力。我們都將共同前進。(掌聲)

katchi kapshida! (韓文，意爲“我們一起來!”)

非常感謝大家。(掌聲)