新冠病毒疫情英語作文知識點，閱讀理解解析

【知識點】

冠狀病毒(coronavirus)是一類主要引起呼吸道、腸道疾病(respiratory and intestinal diseases)的病原體。這類病毒顆粒的表面有許多規則排列的突起(a fringe of bulbous surface projections )，整個病毒顆粒就像一頂帝王的皇冠(royal crown)，因此得名“冠狀病毒”。冠狀病毒除人類以外，還可感染豬、牛、貓、犬、貂、駱駝、蝙蝠、老鼠、刺蝟等多種哺乳動物以及多種鳥類(mammals and birds)。

【關於新型冠狀病毒】

2019-nCoV, as it's been labelled, is understood to be a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously been identified in humans.

這種新型冠狀病毒(2019-nCoV)此前未在人類身上發現過。

Coronaviruses are a broad family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people.

冠狀病毒是一個龐大的病毒家族，目前已知會感染人類的有六種(新發現的這種是第七種)。

【相關詞彙】

新型冠狀病毒 novel coronavirus / new strain of coronavirus

呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases

禽流感病毒 avian influenza virus

密切接觸者 close contacts

潛伏期 incubation period

疑似病例 suspected case

確診病例 confirmed case

得肺炎 get/catch pneumonia

接受醫學觀察 under medical observation

流行病學調查 epidemiological investigation

病毒爆發 virus outbreak

遏制疫情爆發 contain the outbreak

嚴格隔離政策 strict isolation policy

攜帶病毒 carrying the virus

超級傳染源 superspreader

醫療費用報銷 reimbursement for medical expenses

中國大部分地區口罩供應緊張 tight supplies in large areas of China

人傳人 human-to-human transmission

醫務人員感染 infection of medical worker

【相關報道】

Scientists believe an animal source is "the most likely primary source" but that some human-to-human transmission has occurred.

科學家認爲動物是“最有可能的初始感染源”，不過，也有一些人傳人的病例。

Signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.

感染症狀包括：呼吸道症狀，發燒，咳嗽，呼吸短促，呼吸困難等。

近期，湖北省武漢市等多個地區發生新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情。

【閱讀理解】

A new Chinese coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 1000 people since the outbreak (爆發) began in Wuhan, China, in December. Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans.

"What we know is it causes pneumonia (肺炎) and then doesn't respond to antibiotic(抗生素) treatment, which is not surprising, but then in terms of mortality (死亡率), SARS kills 10% of the individuals," Poon, a virologist(病毒學家) at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said.

The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients.

Here are seven things you should know about a coronavirus.

What is a coronavirus

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic[?znt?k](人畜共患病), meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Coronavirus symptoms(症狀)

The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild(輕度) to moderate(中度) upper respiratory tract illness(上呼吸道疾病), similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache and maybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days.

For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis [brka?t?s](支氣管炎).

There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(中東呼吸綜合徵), also known as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems, but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to the CDC.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵), also known as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China, according to the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [?dari?](腹瀉), fatigue (疲勞), shortness of breath, respiratory distress (呼吸窘迫) and kidney failure (腎衰). Depending on the patient's age, the death rate with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable.

How it spreads

Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels, according to the WHO. With SARS, scientists suspected civet cats (狸貓) were to blame.

When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions [skri(?)n](分泌物).

Depending on how virulent [?v?r?l?nt] (有毒的)the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure. The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. Caregivers (護理人員) can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste, according to the CDC.

文章翻譯

一種新的中國冠狀病毒，是SARS病毒的一個堂兄弟，自去年12月在中國武漢爆發以來，已經感染了1000多人。科學家LeoPoon首先破譯了這種病毒，他認爲它很可能是從動物身上開始傳播到人類身上的。香港大學醫學院公共衛生學院的病毒學專家Poon說：“我們知道這會導致肺炎(PoT)，然後對抗生素治療無效，這並不奇怪，但就死亡率而言，SARS殺死了10%的個體。” 世界衛生組織向各國提供瞭如何做好準備的指導，包括如何監測病人和如何治療病人。

關於冠狀病毒你應該知道七件事。

什麼是冠狀病毒

冠狀病毒是一大類常見於動物的病毒。據美國疾病控制和預防中心稱，在極少數情況下，它們是科學家所稱的人畜共患疾病，也就是說它們可以從動物傳染給人類。

冠狀病毒症狀

這種病毒能使人生病，通常是輕微(或中度)上呼吸道疾病，類似於普通感冒。冠狀病毒的症狀包括流鼻涕、咳嗽、喉嚨痛，可能是頭痛，也可能是發燒，持續幾天。對於那些免疫系統弱的人，老年人和非常年輕的人來說，病毒有可能引起一種較低、更嚴重的呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支氣管炎。

有一些人類冠狀病毒已知是致命的。

中東呼吸綜合徵(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome，簡稱MERS病毒)於2012年在中東首次報道，也會引起呼吸系統問題，但這些症狀要嚴重得多。疾控中心稱，每10名感染MERS的患者中就有3至4人死亡。

嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome，簡稱SARS)是另一種能引起更嚴重症狀的冠狀病毒。據世衛組織稱，首次發現於中國南方的廣東省，它會引起呼吸系統問題，但也會引起腹瀉、疲勞、呼吸急促、呼吸窘迫和腎衰竭。根據病人的年齡，SARS的死亡率在0-50%之間，其中老年人最易感染。

如何傳播

病毒可以從人類與動物的接觸中傳播。據世界衛生組織稱，科學家認爲，MERS是從駱駝開始的。對於非典，科學家們懷疑是麝香貓引起的。當涉及到人與人之間的病毒傳播時，通常發生在有人接觸到受感染者的分泌物時。

根據病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打噴嚏或握手都可能導致暴露。這種病毒也可以通過觸摸被感染者觸摸過的東西，然後觸摸你的嘴、鼻子或眼睛來傳播。根據疾病預防控制中心(CDC)的說法，醫務人員有時可以通過處理病人的廢物來暴露自己。

評分原則:

1.本題總分爲20分，按5個檔次給分。

2.評分時，先根據文章的內容和語言質量初步確定其檔次，然後以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調整檔次,最後給分。

3.評分時應考慮:內容要點的完整性、上下文的連貫、詞彙和句式的多樣性及語言的準確性。

4.拼寫、標點符號或書寫影響內容表達時，應視其影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞彙用法均可接受。

5.詞數少於60， 從總分中減去1分。

一、

寫作要求：

假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Amy來信詢問有關武漢新型冠狀病毒(novel coronavirus)的情況。

請你給Amy回信，內容包括：1. 新型冠狀病毒簡況;2. 應對措施;3. 是否有信心戰勝病毒。

注意：

詞數100左右;

可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

優秀範文：

Dear Amy,

It is so considerate of you to receive your letter inquiring about novel cononavirus in wuhan. I am writing to tell you about this.

Since the outbreak of an infectious disease in wuhan in December 2019, the Chinese government has decisively closed down the city to prevent the spread of the disease. At the same time, although cases have been found throughout the country, the Chinese people actively face it, together with wuhan to fight the epidemic.

At this particular time, we should go out as little as possible, isolated. If we go out, we must wear protective masks to prevent ourselves from getting infected. In addition, we should keep good healthy habits and keep our body clean.

As many Chinese say, “come on Wuhan".

Yours, Li Hua

親愛的艾米,

我很高興收到你的來信，詢問有關武漢新型冠狀病毒的事情。在此我寫信想告訴你這些。自2019年12月起武漢爆發傳染性疫情以來，爲了防止疫情惡行傳播，中國政府已經果斷封鎖武漢。與此同時，雖然全國各地也陸續發現病例，但中國人民積極面對，與武漢共同抗疫。

在這特殊時刻，我們儘量少外出，自我隔離。如果外出，我們務必要戴好防護口罩，防止自己被感染。另外，我們應該保持良好的健康習慣，勤清潔。

正如很多中國人說的“武漢加油”，我們相信我們一定能戰勝疫情!

你的李華

二、

寫作要求：

2019年的冬天，一種新型冠狀病毒(the pneumonia epidemic )在武漢華南海鮮市場滋生，悄然從野生動物傳染給人類。據央視新聞客戶端消息，截至2020年1月29日24時，我國已累計報告新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎確診病例7711例，死亡170例。新型冠狀病毒疫情在武漢早期確診的病例，與武漢華南海鮮市場關係很密切。調查顯示，此前在海鮮市場中有非法售賣野生動物現象。人類生存離不開野生動物，但現實生活中野生動物被捕食或作他用比比皆是。請根據以下表格寫篇Protecting Wild Animals的英語作文。

素材要點：

描述問題

野生動物數量下降，越來越多的野生動物瀕危，甚至永久消失

分析問題

1.獵殺野生動物皮毛用以製作衣服，生態平衡遭破壞2.食用野生動物還容易引發傳染病(epedemic),如SARS病毒、新冠狀病毒等)

建議

1. 建立自然保護區 2. 拒絕野味 3…

1.寫作應包括表格及文字等各項內容。2.爲使寫作流暢,在不影響主題表達完整準確的前提下,允許必要的增減與發揮。3.詞數100左右。

優秀範文：

Since the pneumonia epidemic broke out in Wuhan in December, the number of people infected and patients who have died keep climbing. It is reported that the epidemic has something to do with the killing and selling of wild animals at South China Seafood Market. With the decrease of wild animals, many animals are endangered. Worse still,some of them may disappear forever.

There is no doubt that hunting and killing wild animals has a bad influence. For wild animals are killed for their fur, which causes the imbalance of nature. For another, due to the contact between humans and wild animals, epidemics like SARS and pneumonia may infect humans easily.

As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop this illegal action. First, Nature Reserves are supposed to be built so as to offer more living space to wildlife. Second, be aware that never have wild animals for food, as they are part of environment. Third, it is high timethat we raised people’s awareness to protect wildlife. In this way, we can build a harmonious society and ensure a sustainable development.