託福閱讀解析之一：爲什麼要關注例子前面的一句話

一般寫作中，通常先闡明一個道理或論證對象，然後舉例證明這個道理或論證對象，所以例子前面的一句話通常是論證對象。

接下來，通過TPO 13–Biological Clocks中的一道修辭目的題來說明，爲什麼要關注例子前面的一句話?

例題1

Survival and successful reproduction usually require the activities of animals to be coordinated with predictable events around them. Consequently, the timing and rhythms of biological functions must closely match periodic events like the solar day, the tides, the lunar cycle, and the seasons. The relations between animal activity and these periods, particularly for the daily rhythms, have been of such interest and importance that a huge amount of work has been done on them and the special research field of chronobiology has emerged. Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity—sleeping, feeding, moving, reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example—are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms. Almost universally, biologists accept the idea that all eukaryotes (a category that includes most organisms except bacteria and certain algae) have internal clocks. By isolating organisms completely from external periodic cues, biologists learned that organisms have internal clocks. For instance, apparently normal daily periods of biological activity were maintained for about a week by the fungus Neurospora when it was intentionally isolated from all geophysical timing cues while orbiting in a space shuttle. The continuation of biological rhythms in an organism without external cues attests to its having an internal clock. (TPO 13：Biological Clocks)

In the paragraph, the experiment on the fungus Neurospora is mentioned to illustrate

existence of weekly periods of activity as well as daily ones

finding of evidence that organisms have internal clocks

effect of space on the internal clocks of organisms

isolation of one part of an organism's cycle for study

講解：

通過分析題幹(真菌試驗用於闡明什麼?)，我們知道這道題目屬於修辭目的題。

首先，根據題幹所給細節(例子)，即真菌試驗，去原文段落中定位(見標紅部分)，並將細節所在的那句話讀懂(見染黃部分)。染黃部分是一個真菌試驗的例子，當真菌在太空飛船中繞軌飛行時，不受地球引力影響，完全處於真空中，科學家發現真菌的日常生物鐘能夠維持一週。在讀懂這個例子之後，同學們肯定會疑問，作者爲什麼要用這個例子?作者想用這個例子想闡明什麼觀點?

接下來，我們去例子前面看一看(見染藍部分)，作者究竟想用這個例子闡明什麼。我們通過染藍部分發現，作者想表達隔離生物體與外部時間線索，生物學家可以發現生物體擁有內部生物種。

綜上所述，通過真菌在太空進行試驗的例子，生物學家可以發現生物體的內部生物鐘。

答案：B

本文作者：考情報告(微信公衆號：純青教育)