默克多G8峯會英語演講稿
Education: The Last Frontier 教育：最需要開墾的地方
Rupert Murdoch e-G8 Forum Paris e-G8峯會，巴黎
24 May 2019 - Maurice, thank you for that gracious introduction.
莫里斯,謝謝你幫我做的自我介紹
Thank you as well for the invitation to speak today.
同時謝謝你邀請我來演講
We are living through a time when many of our leading economies are not performing as they should.
我們今天處在一個很多經濟強國沒有盡到他們責任的時代。
To this challenge, this audience brings the promise of digital and the spirit of innovation. So I know you are all as pleased as I am that the G-8 leaders have made your contributions to economic growth a priority for their meeting this week.
爲了迎接這個挑戰，現場在座的各位都帶來了他們的在電子創新領域的承諾和精神。G-8的領導人們在這次峯會上把你們對經濟的貢獻作爲一項重要的議程，我也爲各位開心，
In particular, I wish to thank President Sarkozy and our French hosts. Not only have they provided this magnificent setting, they remind us of a truth reflected in the proud history of this great nation: that artists and creators add great value to society. We hope the G-8 will strongly affirm that the property rights of artists and creators are more than a matter of protecting cultures. In this new century, they are essential requirements for a dynamic economy and the digital future.
在此我特別想感謝法國總統Sarkozy 和我們的法國東道主。他們不僅爲我們提供了這樣宏偉的場地，同時也提醒了我們這個偉大國家背後的優良傳統：藝術家和創作者爲社會帶了巨大的貢獻。我們也希望G-8能夠強有力的保障藝術家和創作者的版權。這不僅僅是保護版權，更是在保護我們的文化。在這個新時代，這是保證未來一個充滿活力的電子經濟發展的必要前提。
That digital future - and its connection with education - is my topic this afternoon.
科技和教育的關係，是我今天演講的主題。
Every CEO will tell you that we compete in a world that is changing faster than ever. That it is more competitive than ever and that it rewards success and punishes failure to a greater degree than ever before.
每一個CEO都會告訴你這個世界比以往任何一個時期變化要快。競爭更加激烈，勝者王，敗者寇，在這個時代尤爲明顯。
In other words, our world is increasingly, and rightly, a world of merit. In such a world, the greatest challenge for any enterprise is human capital: how to find it, develop it and keep it.
換一個說法，今天的世界是一個人才的世界。在這個世界裏，所有企業面臨最大的挑戰就是人才資源：怎麼樣找到人才，培養人才和留住人才。
No one in this room needs a lecture about how talented people in tandem with technology are making our lives richer and fuller.
今天的在座不需要我告訴你們科技怎樣在改變我們的生活，怎樣在創造更多的財富。
Everywhere we turn, digital advances are making workers more productive - creating jobs that did not exist only a few years ago, and liberating us from the old tyrannies of time and distance. This is true in every area except one: Education.
不管我們去到哪裏，我們都可以看到電子科技給生產力帶來的進步。科技也創造了比以往更多的工作機會，同時把我們從時間和空間的侷限中解放出來。
Think about that. In every other part of life, someone who woke up after a fifty-year nap would not recognize the world around him.
大家不知道有沒有想過，當今科技發展是如此的迅速。如果五十年前有一個人沉睡醒來，他將完全不能相信他今天身邊發生的事情：
In medicine, doctors who once diagnosed patients with tools they could fit in their leather bags would be astonished to find their 21st century counterparts using CAT-scans and MRIs.
醫學領域，以前用着聽診器的醫生絕對想不到今天的同行們在用着CT掃描和核磁共振。
In finance, brokers who once issued old-fashioned share certificates have been replaced by online brokerages allowing people to trade across the world at any hour of the day.
金融領域，股票經紀曾經靠發放紙製的股票本票，今天都已經被網上交易所取代。
In my industry, editors who put out newspapers the night before now marvel at the sight of readers getting news delivered to cellphones and tablets.
拿我自己的行業來說，曾經只靠紙質報紙出版的編輯們，也會被讀者對平板電腦和智能電話來接受新聞信息的依賴性而驚訝。
But not in education. Our schools remain the last holdout from the digital revolution. The person who woke up from that fifty-year nap would find that today's classroom looks almost exactly the same as it did in the Victorian age: a teacher standing in front of a roomful of kids with only a textbook, a blackboard, and a piece of chalk.
遺憾的是，教育界不在這個行列內。我們的學校仍然是這場科技革命風暴的沒能席捲的最後一個角落。五十年前沉睡然後醒來的那個人，他仍然看到今天的教室和五十年前維多利亞時代一模一樣：一位教師站在一羣孩子面前，拿着一本書，後面一塊黑板，和一隻粉筆。
My friends, what we have here is a colossal failure of imagination. Worse, it is an abdication of our responsibility to our children and grandchildren - and a limitation on our future. As Stendhal wrote: "Qui s'excuse, s'accuse".
在座的朋友們，這是我們一個巨大的失敗。這是我們對下一代甚至下下一代的不負責任，對我們未來的不負責任。就如著名法國作家司湯達說的："Qui s'excuse, s'accuse". (大意是，爲自己推卸責任的時候，同時也是在承認自己的失敗)
We know the old answer - simply throwing money at the problem - doesn't work. In my own country, we've doubled our spending on primary and secondary education over the last three decades - while our test scores have remained largely flat. The reason this hasn't worked is that more money has fed a system that is no longer designed to educate - it's become a jobs program for teachers and administrators. And yet we Americans wonder why we have cities like Detroit where nearly half the population can't read and the disadvantaged are on a fast-track to failure.
我們都慣於用一些老藉口，比如把問題怪到沒有資金的頭上，這說不通。在我的國家(美國)，我們的國小到高中的教育費用在30年裏增加了兩倍，但是學生平均分還是跟30年前一樣。說不通的原因就在於錢用在了一個不是爲了教育的教育系統上。這個系統變成了一個老師和管理人員的鐵飯碗，而不是爲了教育。但我們美國人還在撓着腦袋想，爲什麼有很多城市像底特律一樣，一半的人口都不識字。這個問題加速了我們教育上的失敗。
The mandarins of mediocrity will tell you that the problem is that the kids they are teaching are too poor, or come from bad families, or are immigrants who do not understand the culture. This is absolute rubbish. It is arrogant, elitist and utterly unacceptable.
那些碌碌無爲的官員只會告訴你問題出在：這些小孩的家庭太窮，沒有家教，或者來自那些不瞭解美國文化的移民家庭。這根本是屁話!我完全不能接受這樣傲慢自大的精英主義藉口。
In places such as China and India, they understand that they can't afford excuses. When I visit these countries, I am amazed by how much they accomplish with far fewer resources - and how eagerly they embrace innovation. Their spirit is reflected in the international comparisons, where many of the top performers are Asian and many of those sliding down the middle or bottom are from the industrialized West. The Asian Tigers have the unfair advantage of Tiger Mothers who see in their children the power of potential, not the liability of limits.
在中國和印度，他們知道他們不能推卸教育的責任。當我探訪這些國家時，我發現他們在用最少的資源辦最多的事，他們是多麼迫切地想把科技帶入教育。這種精神在國際教育上得到了肯定，最好的證明就是全球成績最好的學生幾乎都是亞洲學生，最差的都是西方國家。亞洲虎媽媽們也許沒有佔盡優勢，但是小亞洲虎崽們卻表現出無限的潛力。(比喻亞洲雖然是發展中國家，但是人才優勢潛力無限。)
Of course, you don't have to be Asian to succeed. In my own hometown, I've been impressed by the Harlem Success Academy - a largely African-American charter school, located in one of the poorest communities in America. The neighborhood surrounding this school has all the pathologies that are generally invoked to explain away failure. But at Harlem Success, they set high standards. They test. They insist that parents check homework. They use technology, including providing a Kindle and a laptop for each student in the higher grades.
當然，你不需要做亞洲人才可以成功。在美國我的家鄉，哈林成才特許公立學校給我留下了深刻的印象。一個主要由黑人學生組成的學校，在美國最貧困的區域。附近的學校都在隨大流，用貧困來解釋學生成績差的原因。但是哈林的成功給他們立了一個最好的榜樣。他們定時測驗，堅持家長要檢查學生家庭作業，他們大量使用科技，包括給高年級學生提供一個Kindle電子閱讀器和一個筆記本電腦。
And they get results: their students are now achieving scores equal to those attending schools for the gifted and talented.
他們的回報：普遍學生的分數上升到跟其他學校的天才學生們一樣。
For example, more than 90% of its students score at the highest level of New York's science tests. And the parents know - that's why they have many more children trying to get in than they have places for them.
90%的學生得到紐約學區科學類科目的最高分數。父母們也很清楚，因爲很多父母現在爲了子女能夠進這所學校而擠破了頭。
That school shows that you can build human capital even in extreme circumstances. But let's be blunt: we don't have nearly enough schools like Harlem Success. And that represents a tremendous loss of human capital that is almost impossible to recover.
這個例子證明了就算在困境中，也可以找到方法去培養人才。讓我們誠實的面對自己，我們沒有足夠的像哈林這樣的學校。這也代表了我們正在流失未來的人才，如果我們錯過了這個時機，我們將沒有回頭路。
If we knew we had a gold mine on our property, we would do whatever it took to get that gold out of the ground. In education, by contrast, we keep the potential of millions of children buried in the ground. 舉一個例子，如果我們知道我們坐擁一座金礦，我們會想盡一切辦法把這些金子從地底挖出來。但是在教育上，正好相反，我們把千千萬萬孩子的潛力永遠深埋在了地下。
Fortunately, we have the means at our disposal to transform lives. 幸運的是，我們擁有改變這一切的工具。
The same digital technologies that transformed every other aspect of modern life can transform education, provide our businesses with the talent they need to thrive, and give hundreds of millions of young people at the fringes of prosperity the opportunity to make their own mark on this global economy.
科技改變了這個時代的方方面面，科技也能一定能改變教育。這樣既能給我們的企業輸送人才，又能幫助千千萬萬的年輕人在這個全球經濟一體的時代裏留下他們自己的篇章。
This afternoon, I'd like to offer just three examples of how bringing digital innovation to the classroom can substantially improve education for children throughout the world - including many now callously written off as hopeless.
今天，我想給大家帶來全球教育界三個科技改變教育的例子。甚至有一些曾經不可能實現的例子。
We must begin by exciting the imaginations of our young people. The key is not a computer or a tablet or some other device. The key is the software that will engage students and help teach them concepts and learn to think for themselves.
我們首先要激發年輕人的想象力。關鍵不是簡單的只是讓他們去使用新的電腦或者平板，而是給學生帶來學習興趣，知識和獨立思考的好軟件。
Every study will tell you that the more interactive and intimate learning is, the better the student will perform.
所有的研究都指出，越是直接互動的教學方法，對學生的效果越好。
Let's say I was trying to teach a 10-year-old about Bernoulli's principle. It's named after the famous 18th-century mathematician. According to this principle, when speed is high, pressure is low. Sounds pretty dry. But what if I could link the lesson to the football star Roberto Carlos - whose famous curved shot is an illustration of this principle at work. And suppose I then included an explanation from one of the world's leading airplane engineers about how this same principle works in aviation.
比如說我要教一個10歲小孩柏努利法則。這是起名於一個很有名的18世紀數學家柏努利的法則。根據這個法則，當速度高的時候，壓力就會低。聽起來很無聊吧?但是如果我能把這個法則聯繫到以香蕉球著名的足球明星-羅伯特 卡洛斯的時候，這樣就很有趣了吧?(球的一側高速旋轉，造成低氣壓，球就會劃出弧線。)又或者是我再加入一個世界級的飛機工程師對這個法則的解釋，並且舉出這個法則對飛機的飛行有何影響。
Some businesses who are looking ahead are already giving us an idea of what this would look like. In two small schools in California, a traditional textbook publisher has partnered with Apple to teach algebra. They've given the kids free iPads, and they've created an app that gives students guided instruction, instant feedback on practice questions, and access to several hundred videos. If students don't understand the lesson the first time, they can watch that lesson repeatedly until they get it.
有些企業已經加入到我們的行列並付諸實際。在加州的兩座規模較小的學校，一個傳統教科書出版商和蘋果合作提供代數的課程。孩子們配備有免費的iPad， 並且開發了一個軟件來指導孩子學習，習題的成績也有及時反饋。除此之外，還有上百個教學視頻可以供孩子們觀看。如果學生們第一次沒有看懂，他們可以重複看視頻來慢慢理解。
Is anyone surprised that the teachers say the students using this new algebra program are testing better than those who don’t?
有沒有人會覺得驚訝這些學生的代數成績比以前好多了呢?
Exciting young imaginations leads directly to my second point: more personalized learning.
聽完這這令人鼓舞興奮的例子，讓我們來看看第二個例子：更個性化的學習方法
In media and technology, we have learned how to micro-target audiences - to maximize the stickiness of our websites, to personalize our news feeds. Now we need to bring these kinds of expertise to education - to make mathematics sticky - to micro-target the 8th grade girls who might want to be physicists, and to personalize the reading for each student.
在媒體和科技領域中，我們學會了細分我們的垂直用戶。這樣可以增強我們網站的粘性，個性化我們的News feed(新聞饋送)。現在我們需要把這些方法運用到教育上。比如讓數學增加粘性，細分出未來想當物理學家的八年級女孩，然後個性化他們的學習方法和過程。
If a gifted child can finish a four-year course in two years, shouldn't we encourage her? Likewise, if a struggling child needs more time, shouldn’t we help him too? Unfortunately for too many students in too many classrooms, it's still one-size- fits-all.
如果說一個天才兒童能夠在2年內完成4年的課程，我們不是很應該鼓勵他嗎?同樣的，如果一個有學習障礙的兒童需要更多時間，我們不是也應該幫助他嗎?
Ask teachers how that's working out. Ask them about the challenge of dealing with 30 kids in a classroom, each of whom is an individual who goes at his own pace and has his own best way of learning. Right now most students are stuck going over the same lesson plan in the same way at the same pace. That only frustrates the kids who could do more advanced work - while leaving behind those who can't keep up.
大家可以去問一問教師們。問問他們教學30個學生遇到的挑戰，每個學生都有他們自己的學習曲線和學習方法。但是現在他們都被放在一起，同一個學習計劃，同一個方學習法，同一個學習曲線。
Let's consider a student trying to understand fractions. There are many different ways to teach children fractions - all of which work for some kids, and don't work for others. Why should we be limited? Why can't we use digital technology to give teachers the choice of all of them?
再讓我們來想一想一個學生如何學習分數。教分數由很多種方法，有一些方法有些小孩能夠接受，但是另外一些未必能。爲什麼我們要侷限教學的方法呢?爲什麼我們不讓科技來給教師和學生更多的選擇，讓他們接觸每一種方法?
For example, for some children the best answer will be an online tutor who guides them every step of the way. For others, it might be a cartoon produced by the world's best animators illustrating how fractions represent parts of a whole. For still others, it could be listening to the nation's best math teacher laying out problems that the child answers at his own pace, under the supervision of a classroom teacher. The key is the ability to analyze where children are in their learning and what they need to move ahead.
舉個例子，對於有些學生來說，最好的教學方式可能是一個遠程家教手把手地教他們分數的每一步。對於有些學生，可能是看一個世界上最好的卡通工作室做出來的教學分數的卡通影片。還有一些學生，可能是由全國最好的教師遠程教學，然後再由課堂上的老師幫助。關鍵在於分析孩子們學會了什麼，他們下一步應該學什麼。
We already have one program like this that we put on an iPod. It's been used at schools for American children on the military base at Okinawa. With this program, a teacher can instantly diagnose where a child is in his or her reading - and then produce a customized textbook for the next ten days. The parent can check it at any time to see how much his child is learning.
iPad上已經有了一個這樣的軟件。沖繩島上的美軍子弟學校已經在使用這個軟件，教師可以當下知道一個學生閱讀的速度，然後根據每個人的速度制定十天內的閱讀計劃。父母也可以藉助這個軟件馬上知道他們的小孩學到了多少東西。
I promise you, this is only the beginning. Everywhere else in our economy, digital is forcing businesses to let their customers customize their clothing, their cuisine, their news, and most anything else they want to buy. My challenge for everyone in this room today is to help us do the same for a child's education.
我向你保證，我說的這些只是開始。我們經濟的方方面面已經在做客製化，科技正在推動着企業爲他們的顧客去客製衣服，餐飲，新聞和任何能想到的商品。而我的挑戰在於我怎麼能夠讓在座的各位也幫助我，去爲教育做同樣的事情。
Finally, with digital we can bring the world's greatest thinkers to every student, anywhere in the world, at a very low cost.
最後，科技能夠爲全世界的學生帶來最好的講師，但是同時又能節省開支。
Outside the classroom, digital has already done this. Not so very long ago, you had to be rich to hear the best opera or symphony. Now you can now download the world's best recording of your favourite Mozart concerto for about a dollar. And you can listen to it as often as you want. So if there were one teacher in Brittany who came up with the best course for teaching French history, there's no reason why this course should not be immediately available to every student anywhere in France - or Vietnam for that matter.
教育界外，其實已經有先例了。十幾年前，你要很有錢才能去聽最好的歌劇或者交響樂。現在，你可以用一美金下載你最喜歡的莫扎特交響樂，想什麼時候聽都可以。同理，如果一個布列塔尼(法國一個半島)的老師有一堂很好的法國曆史課程，爲什麼這個課程不能被世界其他地方的學生分享呢?比如說越南的學生。
Come to think of it, there is no reason that a student anywhere in the world - in Beijing, Boston, or Berlin - should not have access to the physicist Stephen Hawking explaining science; the cellist Yo-Yo Ma explaining harmony; the historian Andrew Roberts explaining Churchill; the Nobel-winning economist Amartya Sen explaining economics and so on. All these people could be brought into any classroom around the world for what we now pay to download a song.
想起來，同樣沒有理由爲什麼世界其他地區像北京，波士頓，柏林不能讓斯蒂芬霍金(美國著名科學家)來講課呢?爲什麼不能讓馬友友來講音樂，讓安德魯羅伯茲(歷史學家)來講丘吉爾，讓阿馬蒂亞森(經濟學家)講經濟。。。? 我們可以把這些人帶到同一個教室，學生們也只用出我們現在下載一首音樂的錢， 一美金。
I know the critics say that if you introduce technology to the classroom, you are simply replacing teachers with computers and blackboards with screens. But the critics are wrong.
我知道一定會有反對意見說，如果你把這樣的科技帶進教室，你就是用電腦在取代教師。這些反對意見是錯的。
Technology will never replace the teacher. What we can do is relieve some of the drudgery of teaching. And we can take advantage of the increasingly sophisticated analytics that will help teachers spend more time on the things that make us all more human and more creative.
科技永遠不能取代教師。我們所做的是減輕教師的負擔，同時可以利用科技爲我們來做教育的深入分析，讓教師把時間用在啓發學生的創造性和人性上。
Let me be clear. What I am speaking about is not the outline of some exotic, distant, fictional future. Everything I have mentioned is something I have seen in the here and now:
讓我再次澄清一點，我說的例子不是一個遙不可及的未來。我說的例子就發生在現在。
In Korea, I was astonished to learn that a vibrant, $30 billion consumer market for after-school education has transformed outstanding teachers into national celebrities - with some commanding the same salaries as sports heroes and film stars.
在韓國，我親眼看到了一個補習經濟把優秀老師打造成明星的奇蹟。有些老師甚至拿着運動明星和影星的薪水。
In Sweden, I visited an innovative school known as the "IKEA school." Learning is supported by a "knowledge portal" that contains the entire syllabus. In this school, learning fits the individual student's pace and interests - and the teachers give students plenty of individual attention. This school is possible because of a system that encourages competition by letting parents use public money to choose what schools they think work best for their children. That includes schools that are privately-run and for-profit.
在瑞典，我參觀了一間“宜家”學校，教學大綱就像宜家的傢俱一樣放在網上讓學生自由選擇組合。這樣教師就有更多的時間來給需要的學生更多的幫助。這間學校的建成，得益於一個很好的教學基金系統來激化學校之間的競爭。這個系統讓父母可以有一定數額的虛擬基金，他們可以選擇他們信任的學校來投入虛擬基金，然後國家會對這個學校進行資金投入。他們選擇的學校可以是公立的，也可以是私立的。
Back in my own hometown, I visited the "School of One." Like Google, this New York school is powered by an algorithm. Every day, it figures out what each individual needs to learn next and how best he or she will learn it. One day I asked a child who was helping him with his work - it turns out the boy was working with an online tutor from Mumbai.
在我的家鄉，我探訪了“School of One”，像谷歌一樣，這間紐約學校也是虛擬的。每天，它會自動分析每個學生下一步應該學什麼，和怎麼樣教學他們才能讓學生學得更好。有一天，我問一個學生誰在教他做作業，他說是遠在孟買的一個家教。
Another student, in the middle of the year, was supposed to be in 8th grade math. But he was mastering the subject so quickly he had already moved onto 9th grade math.
還有一個學生，年中的時候，應該是在學八年級數學課程。但是他的學習速度突飛猛進，現在已經學到九年級數學了。
Right now, these are just bits and pieces. Our challenge is to learn from what works best - wherever in the world we find it - and put it all together.
這些只是滄海一粟。我們的挑戰來自於把全世界最好的經驗放到一起，真正應用起來。
My company is determined to try - in a big way.
我的公司會堅定地在這條路上走下去。
My challenge to you this afternoon is to bring your own skills to the table. The world needs you to bring to our schools the same creative force that makes businesses competitive and nations thrive.
我今天演講的目的是希望在座能夠用你們的技術和經驗來幫助這場教育革命。這個世界需要你們把你們在商業上獲得的成功同樣拷貝到教育上。
In doing this, we will supply our economies with all the talent and energy they need to grow. In doing this, we will ensure that the poor child in Manila will have the same opportunities as a rich child in Manhattan. In doing this, we will elevate the status of good teachers everywhere - excite the undeveloped minds of our young and ensure that no child will be left on the margins of the great prosperity this global economy offers.
只有這樣，我們纔可以爲我們的經濟輸送人才。只有這樣，我們才能保證一個馬尼拉的貧苦孩子能夠和一個在曼哈頓的富裕家庭的孩子有同樣的機會。只有這樣，我們才能把優秀教師的地位提高。讓我們的孩子發揮更多的潛力，同時一個孩子也不落下。
In our own backyards, we have millions of young people whose minds are the key to our future. It is time to insist that our schools use every technology we can to unlock their potential - and treat them as the precious resource they are.
在我們每個人自己的國家裏，有千千萬萬的年輕人，他們的思想是我們未來的關鍵。是時候堅持我們的學校應該應用所有能夠幫助教育的科技來激發他們的潛力，對待他們，就像對待金子一樣。
Thank you. 謝謝